Abstract: A flame photometric detector comprises a burner assembly configured to combust a sample of an effluent, the combusted sample emitting at least one excited molecule, an interchangeable selective optical filter configured to pass a plurality of selected optical wavelengths corresponding to the excited molecule, and a photomultiplier tube configured to quantify the concentration of the excited molecule.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for heating the intake air which is drawn into the carburetor of a V-twin engine, as well as an apparatus and method for heating the carburetor itself. The V-twin engine includes a crankcase and a pair of cylinders attached to the crankcase and defining a V-space therebetween, and one or more additional engine structures such as a shroud, fuel tank, and muffler, for example, cooperate with the cylinders to substantially enclose the V-space except for one or more air inlet gaps between the foregoing engine structures and the cylinders. During running of the engine, the V-space is heated by radiant heat from the muffler and the cylinders, and the carburetor, which is positioned within the V-space, is also heated to prevent “freeze-up” of the carburetor. Intake air is drawn through the air inlet gaps into the V-space, and is heated before entering the carburetor.

Abstract: A twin cylinder engine, includes a pair of cylinder members mounted to mounting surfaces of a crankcase, and cylinder heads mounted to the cylinder members. The cylinder members are modular components, which may be pre-assembled with components of the valve train as packaged units before the cylinder members are attached to the crankcase. Each cylinder member rotatably supports a cam gear which extends into the crankcase for driving engagement with the crankshaft. The cylinder members may be configured for either side valve-type (“L-head”), or overhead valve-type (“OHV”) engines, and the cylinder members may also be used in single cylinder engines.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for non-liquid solvent introduction of analyte into an analytical instrument and, more particularly, to a bonded liquid phase analyte trap with integral flow switching that may include a rapid solid-state heating and cooling device. The analyte trap includes a first wafer having a flow channel formed on its bottom side such that a second wafer attached to the bottom side of the first wafer encloses the flow channel and a stationary phase coating is chemically bonded to the walls of the flow channel to provide a mechanism for trapping analytes of interest.

Abstract: Chromatographic system includes a split/splitless injection port operatively connected to an inlet line for receiving the regulated carrier gas flow, a separation column for receiving at least a portion of the mixture as a column flow, and a split vent line and a septum purge line for outputting respectively a split flow and a septum purge flow. A forward device driver operatively connected to a respective fluid controller controls fluid flow in the inlet line and a back device driver operatively connected to a respective fluid controller controls fluid pressure in the split line. A setpoint controller provides first and second setpoint control output values to a configuration module, which selectably configures the provision of each of the first and second setpoint control output values to a selected one of the forward and back device drivers according to the selection of a split or splitless injection mode.

Abstract: A machine for removing the closure or cap and the plastic base cup from a soft plastic bottle includes a conveyor which advances bottles sidewise along a horizontal path. During such advance, the bottles move along a stationary bar which holds the bottles against turning while the caps are engaged by a plurality of stationary serrated blade assemblies so that, due to the advance of the bottles, these assemblies turn the caps and unthread them from the bodies of the bottles. At the same time, stationary cams engage the base cups and the advance of the bottles causes the cams to pull the cups endwise off the bottoms of the bottle bodies. Subsequently, a sensor detects and is effective to separate clear bodies from colored bodies. As a result, the caps, the cups, clear bodies and colored bodies are separated for individual recycling.

Abstract: A heating system comprises serially connected heating and holding coils connected in a closed heating liquid circulating circuit with a collector coil at the space to be heated. The heating and holding coils are disposed in a compartment wherein both are subject to direct heating by one or more gas burners, and flue gas is drawn through the compartment in heat exchange relation with the holding coil before being exhausted.