Abstract: An external electric vehicle battery thermal management system is described. An electric vehicle thermal system provides external coolant to an internal battery thermal system of an electric vehicle. The internal battery thermal system includes a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger to cool or warm the set of batteries of the electric vehicle. The external coolant is pumped through a first side of the heat exchanger and serves as the source to cool or heat internal coolant pumped through a second side of the heat exchanger. The external coolant and the internal coolant do not mix.

Abstract: An external electric vehicle battery thermal management system is described. An electric vehicle thermal system provides external coolant to an internal battery thermal system of an electric vehicle. The internal battery thermal system includes a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger to cool or warm the set of batteries of the electric vehicle. The external coolant is pumped through a first side of the heat exchanger and serves as the source to cool or heat internal coolant pumped through a second side of the heat exchanger. The external coolant and the internal coolant do not mix.

Abstract: An external electric vehicle battery thermal management system is described. An electric vehicle thermal system provides external coolant to an internal battery thermal system of an electric vehicle. The internal battery thermal system includes a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger to cool or warm the set of batteries of the electric vehicle. The external coolant is pumped through a first side of the heat exchanger and serves as the source to cool or heat internal coolant pumped through a second side of the heat exchanger. The external coolant and the internal coolant do not mix.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting and/or identifying target cells (e.g., bacteria) using engineered transduction particles are described herein. In some embodiments, a method includes mixing a quantity of transduction particles within a sample. The transduction particles are associated with a target cell. The transduction particles are non-replicative, and are engineered to include a nucleic acid molecule formulated to cause the target cell to produce a series of reporter molecules. The sample and the transduction particles are maintained to express the series of the reporter molecules when target cell is present in the sample. A signal associated with a quantity of the reporter molecules is received. In some embodiments, a magnitude of the signal is independent from a quantity of the transduction particle above a predetermined quantity.