Abstract: Described herein is an oral sampling device, as well as methods of making and using the oral sampling device. The oral sampling device is configured to be placed inside of a human mouth to capture an analyte(s) found in bodily fluid, such as saliva, produced within the mouth. An example oral sampling device includes a body, at least a portion of which is sized to fit inside of a mouth of a human, has an outer surface, and a recess(es) defined in the outer surface to capture the analyte(s) therein. In some examples, a material of the body within the recess was subjected to a surface treatment to promote the capture of the analyte(s). In some examples, the oral sampling device includes a flavored substance disposed on at least the portion of the body that is to be received inside of a human mouth.