Abstract: Process for transformation of a feedstock of lignocellulosic biomass and/or the carbohydrates, into mono-oxidized or poly-oxidized compounds, wherein the feedstock is contacted, simultaneously, with a catalytic system that comprises one or more homogeneous catalysts selected from Brønsted acids and heterogeneous catalysts comprising at least one metal selected from groups 6 to 11 and 14 of the periodic table, and a substrate selected from perovskites of formula ABO3, in which A is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and La, and B is selected from Fe, Mn, Ti and Zr, oxides of lanthanum, neodymium, yttrium, cerium, and niobium, or mixtures thereof, and mixed oxides of aluminates of zinc, copper, and cobalt, or mixtures thereof, in the same reaction chamber, with at least one solvent, being water or water with at least one other solvent, under reducing atmosphere, and temperature of 50° C. to 300° C., and pressure of 0.5 MPa to 20 MPa.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass or cellulose into mono- or poly-oxygenated compounds, in which the lignocellulosic biomass or the cellulose is brought into simultaneous contact with a catalytic system comprising a combination of one or more homogeneous catalysts and one or more heterogeneous catalysts, in the same reaction chamber, in the presence of at least one solvent, said solvent being water alone or as a mixture with at least one other solvent, in a reducing atmosphere, and at a temperature in the range 80° C. to 250° C. and at a pressure in the range 0.5 MPa to 20 MPa.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a copolymer from at least one cyclic monomer selected from: a lactone, a lactam, a carbonate, a lactide and a glycolide, an oxazoline, an epoxide, a cyclosiloxane, comprising the step consisting of reacting said cyclic monomer in the presence of a substituted phosphorus-containing compound. It also relates to the polymer composition obtained according to this method, as well as the uses thereof, notably as antistatic additives, biocompatible materials, as membranes for treatment of effluents or in electrochemical systems for energy storage.

Abstract: An organocatalytic system, having a sulfonic acid as catalyst, for the polymerization of carbonates, and a polymerization process employing said system to obtain bio-polycarbonates devoid of ether units inserted by decarboxylation. The catalyst system for the ring-opening polymerization reaction of cyclic carbonates is formed of an initiator and, as catalyst, of a sulfonic acid of formula R?—SO3H, where R? denotes either: a linear alkyl group including from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group including from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a an aryl group.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing a malfunction in an automobile that uses a diagnosis tool and an analysis of data or control instructions provided by a calculation module assembly onboard the vehicle and converting the operation of a set of functional members of the vehicle by dynamically displaying the values of the data or the links to the controls within the display of the diagnosis method. The method includes: developing an enriched display structure of the vehicle operation control; developing a list of control data to be refreshed; recovering the refreshed control data from the respective calculation modules; and developing a final display from the enriched display structure and the refreshed control data; wherein the developing an enriched display structure, the list of data to be refreshed, and the recovering the refreshed data and of developing the final display are carried under control of a supervision module.