Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions, methods for treating various issues of the eyes, and methods of preparing such compositions are described. These pharmaceutical compositions may be for treating glaucoma, in preparation of eye surgery, during eye surgery, various post-op care (e.g., after cataract surgery, laser eye surgery, and the like), for treating dry eyes, and/or for promoting eyelash growth. These pharmaceutical compositions may comprise such active ingredients (APIs) as: timolol, latanoprost, brimonidine tartrate, dorzolamide, moxifloxacin HCl, dexamethasone PO4, phenylephrine HCl, lidocaine HCl, ketorolac tromethamine, bromfenac, prednisolone PO4, gatifloxacin, amniotic cytokine extract (ACE), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A smart cell, comprising: a positive terminal; a negative terminal; a switching circuit which is arranged to select between a first switching state in which an energy storage device is connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal and a second switching state which bypasses said energy storage device; an inductor provided between the positive terminal and the output of the switching network; and a controller arranged to monitor the voltage across the inductor and arranged to control a duty cycle of the switching circuit based on the magnitudes of voltage changes detected across the inductor. By monitoring and analysing the magnitude of voltage changes across the inductor, the controller determines the states of charge of other series connected smart cells without any communication between cells.

Abstract: An electronics circuit, comprising: a master controller; and a plurality of modules; wherein the master controller comprises: a timing signal generator arranged to generate a timing signal; and a data signal generator arranged to generate a data signal; wherein the master controller is arranged to generate a combined signal based on both the timing signal and the data signal; and wherein the master controller is arranged to broadcast the combined signal to the plurality of modules. By broadcasting the timing signal to the modules along with the data signal, the available bandwidth is effectively utilised without requiring a large number of separate signal paths to each module and without time multiplexing the signals. Thus accurate time synchronisation can be achieved such that the system can operate effectively at a high switching frequency.

Abstract: A smart cell, comprising: a positive terminal; a negative terminal; a switching circuit which is arranged to select between a first switching state in which an energy storage device is connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal and a second switching state in which bypasses said energy storage device; and an inductor provided between the positive terminal and the negative terminal. The inductor provides a means by which to monitor current changes in the rest of the circuit. The inductor can thus be used to detect current changes as seen by the smart cell and this sensed information can be used to control the smart cell, e.g. to control an energy source (energy storage device) that forms part of the smart cell. As the inductor is part of the smart cell, it forms part of a decentralized controller strategy to regulate the state of charge of cells within a larger system.

Abstract: A smart cell, comprising: a positive terminal; a negative terminal; a switching circuit which is arranged to select between a first switching state in which an energy storage device is connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal and a second switching state which bypasses said energy storage device; an inductor provided between the positive terminal and the output of the switching network; and a controller arranged to monitor the voltage across the inductor and arranged to control a duty cycle of the switching circuit based on the magnitudes of voltage changes detected across the inductor. By monitoring and analysing the magnitude of voltage changes across the inductor, the controller determines the states of charge of other series connected smart cells without any communication between cells.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device includes a plurality of energy cell slots for receiving energy cells; and a controller; wherein the controller is arranged to estimate a characteristic of a cell in each slot; and wherein the controller is arranged to apply charge and discharge currents to each cell slot dependent upon at least one estimated characteristic currently associated with that slot. The controller may be a single controller that controls all slots or it may be implemented as multiple controllers each controlling more than one cell slot or a controller for each slot. The characteristic may be one or more of: a power capability, a storage capacity, a cell impedance, an energy cell type and an energy cell chemistry.

Abstract: A smart cell, comprising: a positive terminal; a negative terminal; a switching circuit which is arranged to select between a first switching state in which an energy storage device is connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal and a second switching state in which bypasses said energy storage device; and an inductor provided between the positive terminal and the negative terminal. The inductor provides a means by which to monitor current changes in the rest of the circuit. The inductor can thus be used to detect current changes as seen by the smart cell and this sensed information can be used to control the smart cell, e.g. to control an energy source (energy storage device) that forms part of the smart cell. As the inductor is part of the smart cell, it forms part of a decentralized controller strategy to regulate the state of charge of cells within a larger system.

Abstract: A method for transferring power between two DC circuits, each circuit being bipolar or connected at the midpoint thereof, involves: coupling the high voltage bus across a pair of inductors, arranged in parallel; coupling the low voltage bus across the pair of inductors; coupling the high voltage bus, the low voltage bus and the inductors by active switches and diodes, to provide for: (i) a storage configuration, wherein energy is transferred from one of the buses and stored in the inductors; and (ii) a release configuration, wherein energy is released from the inductors and transferred to the other of the buses.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device includes a plurality of energy cell slots for receiving energy cells; and a controller; wherein the controller is arranged to estimate a characteristic of a cell in each slot; and wherein the controller is arranged to apply charge and discharge currents to each cell slot dependent upon at least one estimated characteristic currently associated with that slot. The controller may be a single controller that controls all slots or it may be implemented as multiple controllers each controlling more than one cell slot or a controller for each slot. The characteristic may be one or more of: a power capability, a storage capacity, a cell impedance, an energy cell type and an energy cell chemistry.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a full bridge resonant converter network in various modes of operation, at least one mode may include operating in a half bridge converter mode of operation. The resonant converter network includes a switching network, a resonant network, an output rectifier network, and a controller. The controller is configured to: receive feedback input signals and provide output signals to operate the converter in its most efficient operating mode. In the half bridge operating mode, the controller will provide output signals to one set of switches based on the received feedback input signals and provide output signals to another set of switches to maintain an active signal state of a first switch and to maintain an inactive signal state of a second switch.

Abstract: The present invention provides a series of DC-DC converter circuit designs, and DC-DC converters based on such circuit design, that provide high input-to-output voltage conversion. The converters include a resonant tank and a means for interrupting the tank current to produce a near zero-loss “hold” state wherein zero current and/or zero voltage switching is provided, while providing control over the amount of power transfer. A resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio in accordance with the circuit design includes: (a) a low voltage DC-AC converter, (b) a resonant tank, (c) a high voltage AC-DC converter, (d) a (i) common ground on an input and an output without use of a transformer and/or (ii) a single high voltage controllable switch within the resonant tank.

Abstract: A method for transferring power between two DC circuits, each circuit being bipolar or connected at the midpoint thereof, involves: coupling the high voltage bus across a pair of inductors, arranged in parallel; coupling the low voltage bus across the pair of inductors; coupling the high voltage bus, the low voltage bus and the inductors by active switches and diodes, to provide for: (i) a storage configuration, wherein energy is transferred from one of the buses and stored in the inductors; and (ii) a release configuration, wherein energy is released from the inductors and transferred to the other of the buses.

Abstract: The present invention provides a series of DC-DC converter circuit designs, and DC-DC converters based on such circuit design, that provide high input-to-output voltage conversion. The converters include a resonant tank and a means for interrupting the tank current to produce a near zero-loss “hold” state wherein zero current and/or zero voltage switching is provided, while providing control over the amount of power transfer. A resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio in accordance with the circuit design includes: (a) a low voltage DC-AC converter, (b) a resonant tank, (c) a high voltage AC-DC converter, (d) a (i) common ground on an input and an output without use of a transformer and/or (ii) a single high voltage controllable switch within the resonant tank.