Abstract: A system for measuring the length of the contact patch of a tire mounted on a wheel of a vehicle while the vehicle is traveling that includes a chassis, a light source, a light sensor, a data transmission unit, and a processor. The chassis is attached to the inner side of the tire, and the light source, the light sensor, and the data transmitting unit are attached to the chassis in a way that when the light source illuminates at a specific spot on the inner side of the tire the returning light is detected by the light sensor and the intensity of the returning light can be changed when that specific spot enters the contact patch and when exits the contact patch. The data transmitting unit calculates the length of the contact patch based on intensity changes of the detected light.

Abstract: A device for measuring the liquid level inside a tire that includes a stem of a tire pressure valve that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an isolated part between the electrodes, a power source, and an electric circuit. The stem is fixed to the rim of the tire in a way that the electrodes' upper parts protrude outside the rim and the electrodes' lower parts protrude inside the rim. The lower parts are immersed inside the liquid inside the tire when the tire pressure valve faces the ground. The electrodes' upper parts are connected to the power source and to the electric circuit that measures an electric property of the liquid between the lower parts of the electrodes, and the intensity of this property represents the liquid level and can be used for calculation this level.

Abstract: A system for detecting a presence of liquid inside a wheel that includes a power source, an electric circuit and an indication means, and a tire pressure valve that includes a stem, a first electrode and a second electrode, an isolation part between the electrodes, and a pressure valve mechanism. The tire pressure valve is fixed to the rim of the wheel in such a way that upper parts of the electrodes are positioned outside the rim and lower parts of the electrodes are positioned inside the wheel and immersed inside liquid inside the tire when the tire pressure valve faces the ground. The upper parts of the electrodes are connected to the power source, and to the electric circuit that outputs a signal when liquid presence between the electrodes and the indication means indicates when the electric circuit outputs such signal.

Abstract: A device for measuring a liquid level inside a tire that include two electrodes that are designed to be positioned inside the tire in such a way that they can be immersed inside the liquid that the tire may contain, and an electric circuit that is electrically connected to these electrodes. The device is designed to measure an electric property of the liquid between the electrodes while the intensity of the electric property depends on the liquid level inside the tire. The electric circuit is designed to output an electric value for the measured electric property as an output signal that can be used to calculate the level of the liquid inside the tire.

Abstract: A system for a tire mounted on a wheel of a vehicle that includes a chassis, a light source, a light sensor, a transmission unit, and a processing unit. The chassis is attached to the inner side of the tire, and the light source and the light sensor are attached to the chassis so that when the light source illuminates, a returning light is be detected by the light sensor, that produces a signal based on changes in intensity of the detected light. The changes reflect frequencies and amplitudes of the tire vibrations or tire bends of the tire part that crosses the contact patch. The processing unit detects characteristics of the contact area, the type of the road, the degree of the tire wear, or the size of load on the wheel based on the signal.

Abstract: A tire system for a tire mounted on a wheel of a vehicle that includes a chassis, a light source, a light sensor, a data transmission unit, and a processing unit. The chassis is attached to the inner side of the tire, the light source and the light sensor are attached to the chassis so that when the light source illuminates at a specific area on the inner side of the tire the returning light is detected by the light sensor that produce a signal based on changes in intensity of the detected light that reflect frequencies and amplitudes of vibrations of the tire or bends of the tire. Based on the signal the processing unit detects characteristics of the contact area of the tire with the road, a type of the road the vehicle is traveling on, a degree of wear of the tire, or a size of load on the wheel.

Abstract: A method for achieving a desired vibration resonance frequency of electromagnetic energy harvesters that includes the step of providing a harvester that includes a coil wound along a core, a magnet, a suspending device that includes a base connected to the body and a hinge connected to the magnet, and a stationary magnet attached to the body or the base when the positive poles of the magnets faces each other and the repulsive magnetic force between them restore the magnet. The gravity center of the hinge and the magnet is shifted off the rotation axis of the hinge so that body vibrations cause a relative alternating movement between the core and the magnet that creates alternating voltage between in the coil, and the step of determining the specific distance between the magnets based on the magnetic flux strength of the stationary magnet for achieving the desired frequency.

Abstract: A method and system for measuring a load on a tire while the vehicle traveling that include a microprocessor, a tire pressure sensor that is fixed to the tire, and an electromechanical sensor that is fixed to a point on the tire. The electromechanical sensor generates a beginning signal when the point begins to be part of the flat tire contact patch of the tire with the ground, and an ending signal when this point ceases to be part of the patch. The microprocessor calculates the patch contact time period, calculates the flat tire contact patch length from the radius of the tire and the ratio between the patch contact time period and the complete tire rotation period, and calculates the load on the tire from the tire pressure as measured by the pressure sensor and the length of the flat tire contact patch.

Abstract: A method and system for measuring a load on a tire while the vehicle traveling that include a microprocessor, a tire pressure sensor that is fixed to the tire, and an electromechanical sensor that is fixed to a point on the tire. The electromechanical sensor generates a beginning signal when the point begins to be part of the flat tire contact patch of the tire with the ground, and an ending signal when this point ceases to be part of the patch. The microprocessor calculates the patch contact time period, calculates the flat tire contact patch length from the radius of the tire and the ratio between the patch contact time period and the complete tire rotation period, and calculates the load on the tire from the tire pressure as measured by the pressure sensor and the length of the flat tire contact patch.

Abstract: An electromagnetic energy harvester for converting vibrations of a body to electricity that includes a coil with two ends that is wound along a longitudinal axis of a ferromagnetic core, a magnet, and a suspending device that its first end is designed to be fixed to the body and its second end is designed to be fixed to the magnet. The first end of the core is design to be at close proximity to the magnet and the longitudinal axis of the core is designed to be substantially aligned vertically to the magnetic axis of the magnet. The vibrations of the body can cause a relative alternating movement between the core and the magnet that can create alternating voltage between the ends of the coil.

Abstract: A tire with a treads depth measuring device that includes a first electrode and a second electrode that are fixed to internal surface of the tire, and an oscillator that is electrically connected to the electrodes so that capacitance between the electrodes affects frequencies of the oscillator. Changes in frequencies of the oscillator can be used to detect and calculate changes in thickness of the tire and changes in depth of treads in the tire.

Abstract: A device for converting bends of a body to electricity that includes a generator, a bending converter and a connector. The generator includes a stator and a rotor that is connected to a rotational shaft. The bending converter includes a bending arm that has a front side and a back side. The stator and the back side of the bending arm are designed to be fixed directly or indirectly to the body. The rotational shaft is connected to the connector at a first connecting point and the front side of the bending arm is connected to the connector at a second connecting point. When the body bends then the bending arm bend and rotates the rotor relative to the stator.

Abstract: An electromagnetic energy harvester for converting vibrations of a body to electricity that includes a coil with two ends that is wound along a longitudinal axis of a ferromagnetic core, a magnet, and a suspending device that its first end is designed to be fixed to the body and its second end is designed to be fixed to the magnet. The first end of the core is design to be at close proximity to the magnet and the longitudinal axis of the core is designed to be substantially aligned vertically to the magnetic axis of the magnet. The vibrations of the body can cause a relative alternating movement between the core and the magnet that can create alternating voltage between the ends of the coil.

Abstract: An electromagnetic energy harvester for converting vibrations of a body to electricity that includes a coil with two ends that is wound along a longitudinal axis of a ferromagnetic core, a magnet, and a suspending device that its first end is designed to be fixed to the body and its second end is designed to be fixed to the magnet. The first end of the core is design to be at close proximity to the magnet and the longitudinal axis of the core is designed to be substantially aligned vertically to the magnetic axis of the magnet. The vibrations of the body can cause a relative alternating movement between the core and the magnet that can create alternating voltage between the ends of the coil.

Abstract: A device for measuring a liquid level inside a tire that include two electrodes that are designed to be positioned inside the tire in such a way that they can be immersed inside the liquid that the tire may contain, and an electric circuit that is electrically connected to these electrodes. The device is designed to measure an electric property of the liquid between the electrodes while the intensity of the electric property depends on the liquid level inside the tire. The electric circuit is designed to output an electric value for the measured electric property as an output signal that can be used to calculate the level of the liquid inside the tire.

Abstract: A tire with a treads depth measuring device that includes a first electrode and a second electrode that are fixed to internal surface of the tire, and an oscillator that is electrically connected to the electrodes so that capacitance between the electrodes affects frequencies of the oscillator. Changes in frequencies of the oscillator can be used to detect and calculate changes in thickness of the tire and changes in depth of treads in the tire.

Abstract: A device for converting bends of a body to electricity, that is designed to be fixed to the body, that includes an electromagnetic device with a coil and a core, a magnet and a converter that is designed to convert bending of the body to a movement of the magnet relative to the electromagnetic device.

Abstract: A system for detecting pressure and wear conditions of tires that includes a module positioned inside each wheel of a vehicle. The module includes sensors, a processor, a transmitter and a power source for powering the module. The output from the sensors in each wheel is fed to the processors of each wheel for data processing and the data is transmitted by the transmitter in each wheel to a receiver and data processor located outside of the wheels. The data processor is designed to analyze the received processed data from the modules, and to provide alerts based on stored information and by comparing the processed data from the first wheel with the processed data from the second wheel.

Abstract: A system for detecting pressure and wear conditions of tires that includes a module positioned inside each wheel of a vehicle. The module includes sensors, a processor, a transmitter and a power source for powering the module. The output from the sensors in each wheel is fed to the processors of each wheel for data processing and the data is transmitted by the transmitter in each wheel to a receiver and data processor located outside of the wheels. The data processor is designed to analyze the received processed data from the modules, and to provide alerts based on stored information and by comparing the processed data from the first wheel with the processed data from the second wheel.

Abstract: A device for harvesting electricity from vibrations of a body that includes a coil with a core that are designed to be fixed to the body, a spring with a suspending magnet attached to its first end in a way that the magnet is positioned close to the core and the second end of the spring is designed to be fixed to the body. The device also includes an electric device that includes a power management circuit that is connected to the coil and an electric energy storing device, and a gap controlling device that is capable to control the distance between the core and the suspending magnet. The vibrations cause the magnet to vibrate relative to the core and to induce electric current in the coil and the energy harvesting can be optimized by controlling the distance between the core and the magnet.