Abstract: An embodiment provides a method for determining the alkalinity of an aqueous sample using an alkalinity sensor, including: monitoring the pH of an aqueous sample using a pH sensor in a sample cell, the pH sensor including a pH sensor electrode made of boron-doped diamond; generating hydronium ions, using a hydronium generator, in the aqueous sample in the sample cell, the hydronium generator including a hydronium-generating electrode; changing the pH of the aqueous sample by causing the hydronium generator to generate an amount of hydronium ions in the aqueous sample; quantifying and converting a current or charge to the number of hydronium ions produced to an end point of the electrochemical titration, the end point correlating to the alkalinity of a sample; and analyzing the alkalinity of the aqueous sample based on the generated amount of hydronium ions and the resulting change in pH monitored by the pH sensor.

Abstract: A process analysis system includes sensors and a processing system. The sensors monitor the process to generate sensor signals. The processing system processes the sensor signals to detect a deviation from a baseline for the process. The processing system generates a process vector for the deviation in response to detecting the deviation. The processing system compares the process vector to a plurality of library vectors to classify the deviation. In some examples, the process comprises a system that supplies water.

Abstract: A process analysis system includes sensors and a processing system. The sensors monitor the process to generate sensor signals. The processing system processes the sensor signals to detect a deviation from a baseline for the process. The processing system generates a process vector for the deviation in response to detecting the deviation. The processing system compares the process vector to a plurality of library vectors to classify the deviation. In some examples, the process comprises a system that supplies water.

Abstract: A method for removing sulfide from a liquid sample such as water in a test for arsenic. The method involves adding a strong oxidizing agent to the sample to oxidize the sulfide to sulfate, and then adding an organic amine to the sample to react with any remaining oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A method for removing sulfide from a liquid sample such as water in a test for arsenic. The method involves adding a strong oxidizing agent to the sample to oxidize the sulfide to sulfate, and then adding an organic amine to the sample to react with any remaining oxidizing agent.

Abstract: An improved test is described for chlorine in pool and spa water where potassium monopersulfate is used as an oxidizing agent and DPD is used as an indicator. N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid or bicine is used to mask or eliminate the potassium monopersulfate so that it does not interfere with the DPD indicator. The test is very reliable and accurate.