Abstract: A system for photon correlation of an illuminated object and/or a light source is provided. The system includes a light source for illuminating the object and an optical system having an object-facing side configured to face the object or the light source and a projection side with the projection side having a focal plane. The system also includes a single-chip single photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) array arranged at the focal plane and a timing circuit associated with the single-chip SPAD array for measuring arrival times of photons detected by the single-chip SPAD array.

Abstract: A method of generating an image of a sample is provided. The method comprises providing a plurality of photon detectors, scanning the sample with an excitation beam over a predetermined time period, the detectors receiving photons emitted by the sample due to the excitation during the time period. A plurality of intensity images associated with each of the detectors are generated, each being proportional to the mean number of photons detected per unit time. A plurality of correlation images associated with each combination of two of the detectors are generated, each of the correlation images being proportional to the variance of the distribution of detected photons per unit time. The image of the sample is generated using joint sparse recovery from the plurality of intensity and correlation images, wherein the intensity and correlation images have common support.

Abstract: A method of generating an image of a sample is provided. The method comprises providing a plurality of photon detectors, scanning the sample with an excitation beam over a predetermined time period, the detectors receiving photons emitted by the sample due to the excitation during the time period. A plurality of intensity images associated with each of the detectors are generated, each being proportional to the mean number of photons detected per unit time. A plurality of correlation images associated with each combination of two of the detectors are generated, each of the correlation images being proportional to the variance of the distribution of detected photons per unit time. The image of the sample is generated using joint sparse recovery from the plurality of intensity and correlation images, wherein the intensity and correlation images have common support.

Abstract: A system for photon correlation of an illuminated object and/or a light source, including a light source for illuminating the object or to correlate, an optical system having an object-facing side configured to face the object or the light source and a projection side, the projection side having a focal plane, a single-chip single photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) array arranged at the focal plane, and a timing circuit associated with the single-chip SPAD array for measuring arrival times of photons detected by the single-chip SPAD array.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable medium for optimizing physical products. The method includes detecting a set of physical attributes for each physical item among multiple different physical items, obtaining a velocity factor for each of the physical items, generating a mapping of a velocity contribution to various combinations of physical attributes among the set of physical attributes based on the velocity factor for each physical item and the set of physical attributes of that physical item, determining, based on the mapping, that the velocity factor of a particular physical item will increase in response to a change to one or more physical attributes of the particular physical item, and transmitting, to a source of the particular item, an electronic message that conveys the increase to the velocity factor of the particular physical item that will result from a selection of the one or more physical attributes of the particular item.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable medium for optimizing physical products. The method includes detecting a set of physical attributes for each physical item among multiple different physical items, obtaining a velocity factor for each of the physical items, generating a mapping of a velocity contribution to various combinations of physical attributes among the set of physical attributes based on the velocity factor for each physical item and the set of physical attributes of that physical item, determining, based on the mapping, that the velocity factor of a particular physical item will increase in response to a change to one or more physical attributes of the particular physical item, and transmitting, to a source of the particular item, an electronic message that conveys the increase to the velocity factor of the particular physical item that will result from a selection of the one or more physical attributes of the particular item.

Abstract: According to one aspect, the present description relates to a system for high resolution imaging of an object comprising a fiber bundle (1) comprising an array of optical fiber cores (A), said fiber bundle being adapted to receive a plurality of light beams issued from spatially incoherent point sources of an object; the system further comprises a two-dimensional detector (240) with a detection plane, located at a proximal end of the fiber bundle, adapted to receive speckle patterns, each speckle pattern resulting from the transmission of one of said light beams through at least a plurality of the fiber bundle cores, the ensemble of speckle patterns detected by the two-dimensional detector forming a multiple speckles image; and a processing unit (250) adapted to determine an image of the object from said multiple speckles image.

Abstract: A method and system for use in reconstruction and retrieval of phase information associated with a two-dimensional diffractive response are presented. The method comprising: providing (75) input data indicative of one or more diffractive patterns corresponding to diffractive responses from one or more objects (50). Dividing (130) said input data into a plurality of one-dimensional slices and determining (140) one-dimensional phase data for at least some of said one-dimensional slices. Tailoring (150) the reconstructed phase data of said one-dimensional slices to form a two-dimensional phase solution. The two-dimensional phase solution is defined by phase shifts of said reconstructed one-dimensional phase data of said one-dimensional slices. The two-dimensional phase solution thus enables obtaining two-dimensional reconstructed phase data suitable for reconstruction of image data (250).

Abstract: The present invention is based on a unique design of a novel structure, which incorporates two quantum dots of a different bandgap separated by a tunneling barrier. Upconversion is expected to occur by the sequential absorption of two photons. In broad terms, the first photon excites an electron-hole pair via intraband absorption in the lower bandgap dot, leaving a confined hole and a relatively delocalized electron. The second absorbed photon can lead, either directly or indirectly, to further excitation of the hole, enabling it to then cross the barrier layer. This, in turn, is followed by radiative recombination with the delocalized electron.

Abstract: A method and system for use in reconstruction and retrieval of phase information associated with a two-dimensional diffractive response are presented. The method comprising: providing (75) input data indicative of one or more diffractive patterns corresponding to diffractive responses from one or more objects (50). Dividing (130) said input data into a plurality of one-dimensional slices and determining (140) one-dimensional phase data for at least some of said one-dimensional slices. Tailoring (150) the reconstructed phase data of said one-dimensional slices to form a two-dimensional phase solution. The two-dimensional phase solution is defined by phase shifts of said reconstructed one-dimensional phase data of said one-dimensional slices. The two-dimensional phase solution thus enables obtaining two-dimensional reconstructed phase data suitable for reconstruction of image data (250).

Abstract: The present invention is based on a unique design of a novel structure, which incorporates two quantum dots of a different bandgap separated by a tunneling barrier. Upconversion is expected to occur by the sequential absorption of two photons. In broad terms, the first photon excites an electron-hole pair via intraband absorption in the lower bandgap dot, leaving a confined hole and a relatively delocalized electron. The second absorbed photon can lead, either directly or indirectly, to further excitation of the hole, enabling it to then cross the barrier layer. This, in turn, is followed by radiative recombination with the delocalized electron.

Abstract: A method for fabrication of substrate having a nano-scale surface roughness is presented. The method comprises: patterning a surface of a substrate to create an array of spaced-apart regions of a light sensitive material; applying a controllable etching to the patterned surface, said controllable etching being of a predetermined duration selected so as to form a pattern with nano-scale features; and removing the light sensitive material, thereby creating a structure with the nano-scale surface roughness. Silanizing such nano-scale roughness surface with hydrophobic molecules results in the creation of super-hydrophobic properties characterized by both a large contact angle and a large tilting angle. Also, deposition of a photo-active material on the nano-scale roughness surface results in a photocathode with enhanced photoemission yield. This method also provides for fabrication of a photocathode insensitive to polarization of incident light.

Abstract: A method for fabrication of substrate having a nano-scale surface roughness is presented. The method comprises: patterning a surface of a substrate to create an array of spaced-apart regions of a light sensitive material; applying a controllable etching to the patterned surface, said controllable etching being of a predetermined duration selected so as to form a pattern with nano-scale features; and removing the light sensitive material, thereby creating a structure with the nano-scale surface roughness. Silanizing such nano-scale roughness surface with hydrophobic molecules results in the creation of super-hydrophobic properties characterized by both a large contact angle and a large tilting angle. Also, deposition of a photo-active material on the nano-scale roughness surface results in a photocathode with enhanced photoemission yield. This method also provides for fabrication of a photocathode insensitive to polarization of incident light.

Abstract: A method and system (10) are presented for producing exciting radiation (P?) to be used in producing an output coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal of a medium (12). An input spectral phase coherent optical pulse (P), carrying a pump, a Stokes and a probe photon, is optically processed by adjusting spectral phase and polarization of wavelength components of the input pulse to produce a unitary optical exciting pulse (P?) that carries the pump photon, the Stokes photon and multiple probe photons and is capable of inducing interference between contributions from at least some of vibrational levels in the CARS signal.

Abstract: An optical system and method are presented for use in a multi-photon microscope. The system comprises an imaging lens arrangement, and a pulse manipulator arrangement. The pulse manipulator arrangement comprises a temporal pulse manipulator unit which is accommodated in an optical path of an input pulse of an initial profile, and is configured to affect trajectories of light components of the input pulse impinging thereon so as to direct the light components towards an optical axis of the lens arrangement along different optical paths, said temporal light manipulator unit being accommodated in a front focal plane of the imaging lens arrangement, thereby enabling to restore the input pulse profile at an imaging plane.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the ionization of living cells where an optical device (14) delivers an optical pulse having an optical field power which is modified locally by an optical field power modifying means (18) to effect ionization and destruction of living cells (16).

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the ionization of living cells where an optical device (14) delivers an optical pulse having an optical field power which is modified locally by an optical field power modifying means (18) to effect ionization and destruction of living cells (16).

Abstract: A method and system (10) are presented for producing exciting radiation (P?) to be used in producing an output coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal of a medium (12). An input spectral phase coherent optical pulse (P), carrying a pump, a Stokes and a probe photon, is optically processed by adjusting spectral phase and polarization of wavelength components of the input pulse to produce a unitary optical exciting pulse (P?) that carries the pump photon, the Stokes photon and multiple probe photons and is capable of inducing interference between contributions from at least some of vibrational levels in the CARS signal.

Abstract: A method and system are presented for producing an output coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal of a medium. The method comprises generation of a unitary optical excitation pulse that carries a pump photon, a Stokes photon and a probe photon; and inducing a CARS process in the medium by exciting the medium by the at least one such unitary optical excitation pulse.

Abstract: The microscope (10) includes such main constructional parts as a light source assembly (12); and an optical system (16) configured according to the invention, and in the present example of microscope (generally imaging) system configuration includes also a detection unit (14) (shown in the figure in 5 dashed lines). The detection unit (14) may be configured to define an array of image pixels (e.g. CCD), may be configured for intensified or not intensified light detection, as well as for gated or not-gated light detection. It should be understood that the light source, as well as the detector, may or may not be accommodated in the same housing (15) enclosing the optical path of an input pulse of an initial profile, and system (16). For example, the light source and/or detector may be accommodated outside the housing (15) and light may be guided towards and/or away from a sample S via light guiding means (either in free space or in optical fibers).