Abstract: A method for joint replacement is provided. A representation of a first bone is created, and a representation of a second bone is created. Bone preparation for implanting a first implant on the first bone is planned. The first bone to receive the first implant is prepared by manipulating a surgical tool to sculpt the first bone. Bone preparation for implanting a second implant on the second bone after preparing the first bone is planned. The second bone to receive the second implant is prepared by manipulating the surgical tool to sculpt the second bone.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus includes a surgical device, configured to be manipulated by a user to perform a procedure on a patient, and a computer system. The computer system is programmed to implement control parameters for controlling the surgical device to provide at least one of haptic guidance to the user and a limit on user manipulation of the surgical device, based on a relationship between an anatomy of the patient and at least one of a position, an orientation, a velocity, and an acceleration of a portion of the surgical device, and to adjust the control parameters in response to movement of the anatomy during the procedure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty. An approximately 3.75-5 centimeter (1.5-2 inch) anterior incision is made in line with the femoral neck. The femoral neck is severed from the femoral shaft and removed through the anterior incision. The acetabulum is prepared for receiving an acetabular cup through the anterior incision, and the acetabular cup is placed into the acetabulum through the anterior incision. A posterior incision of approximately 2-3 centimeters (0.8-1.2 inches) is generally aligned with the axis of the femoral shaft and provides access to the femoral shaft. Preparation of the femoral shaft including the reaming and rasping thereof is performed through the posterior incision, and the femoral stem is inserted through the posterior incision for implantation in the femur.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus includes a surgical device, configured to be manipulated by a user to perform a procedure on a patient, and a computer system. The computer system is programmed to create a representation of an anatomy of a patient; to associate the anatomy and a surgical device with the representation of the anatomy; to manipulate the surgical device to perform a procedure on a patient by moving a portion of the surgical device in a region of the anatomy; to control the surgical device to provide at least one of haptic guidance and a limit on manipulation of the surgical device, based on a relationship between the representation of the anatomy and at least one of a position, an orientation, a velocity, and an acceleration of a portion of the surgical device; and to adjust the representation of the anatomy in response to movement of the anatomy during the procedure.

Abstract: A surgical planning method is provided. A height of a cartilage surface above a bone is detected. A representation of the bone and a representation of the height of the cartilage surface is created. Bone preparation for implanting an implant on the bone is planned based at least in part on the detected height of the cartilage surface.

Abstract: A method for joint replacement is provided. A representation of a first bone is created, and a representation of a second bone is created. Bone preparation for implanting a first implant on the first bone is planned. The first bone to receive the first implant is prepared by manipulating a surgical tool to sculpt the first bone. Bone preparation for implanting a second implant on the second bone after preparing the first bone is planned. The second bone to receive the second implant is prepared by manipulating the surgical tool to sculpt the second bone.

Abstract: A surgical planning method is provided. A representation of a bone of a joint is created. The joint is moved to a first position. A first point corresponding to a first location in the joint is identified when the joint is in the first position. The joint is moved to a second position. A second point corresponding to a second location in the joint is identified, when the joint is in the second position. Bone preparation for implanting an implant on the bone is planned based at least in part on the first and second points.

Abstract: A method of implanting a prosthetic device configured to form at least a portion of a joint is provided. The method includes selecting a first component of the prosthetic device configured to be implanted in a body, determining a placement at which the first component will be fixed relative to a bone of the body, selecting a second component of the prosthetic device configured to be implanted in the body, and determining a placement at which the second component will be fixed relative to the bone. The determination of the placement of the second component is not constrained by a connection to the first component.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty. The apparatus may include a provisional femoral head allowing for radial placement thereof on a provisional femoral neck.

Abstract: A modular prosthetic device is provided for replacement of the knee. The device is assembled from a plurality of components, each of which can be inserted through a small incision. After inserting the components through the incision, the device can be assembled within the knee cavity. The modularity of the device enables a surgeon to replace only those regions of the knee that are diseased or damaged, thereby avoiding a complete knee replacement. If, at a later time, additional regions of the knee become diseased or damaged, those additional regions of the knee can be replaced by additional device components and those additional components can be connected to the previously implanted components. By replacing only those regions of the knee that are diseased or damaged and by implanting each of the components through the small incision, the surgery is minimally invasive and, therefore, requires reduced time for healing and rehabilitation.

Abstract: A femoral component (100) for a total knee joint replacement has a modular structure including a number of segments (102, 112), each of the segments (102, 112) having a femoral fixation surface (104, 114) for attachment to the distal end of a femur and at least one assembly surface (108) for joining with an adjacent segment (102, 112) of the modular femoral component (100). The assembly surfaces (108) are generally planar and arranged to be oriented generally in a plane extending in a proximal-distal direction and in an anterior-posterior direction when the femoral fixation surface (104, 114) is positioned on the distal end of the femur. Although the assembly surfaces (108) are generally planar, they may be shaped or provided with complementary structures (120) to assure self-alignment when the segments (102, 112) are assembled.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus includes a surgical device, configured to be manipulated by a user to perform a procedure on a patient, and a computer system. The computer system is programmed to implement control parameters for controlling the surgical device to provide at least one of haptic guidance to the user and a limit on user manipulation of the surgical device, based on a relationship between an anatomy of the patient and at least one of a position, an orientation, a velocity, and an acceleration of a portion of the surgical device, and to adjust the control parameters in response to movement of the anatomy during the procedure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty. An approximately 3.75-5 centimeter (1.5-2 inch) anterior incision is made in line with the femoral neck. The femoral neck is severed from the femoral shaft and removed through the anterior incision. The acetabulum is prepared for receiving an acetabular cup through the anterior incision, and the acetabular cup is placed into the acetabulum through the anterior incision. A posterior incision of approximately 2-3 centimeters (0.8-1.2 inches) is generally aligned with the axis of the femoral shaft and provides access to the femoral shaft. Preparation of the femoral shaft including the reaming and rasping thereof is performed through the posterior incision, and the femoral stem is inserted through the posterior incision for implantation in the femur.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty. An approximately 3.75-5 centimeter (1.5-2 inch) anterior incision is made and the femoral neck is severed from the femoral shaft and removed through the anterior incision. The acetabulum is prepared for receiving an acetabular cup through the anterior incision, and the acetabular cup is placed into the acetabulum through the anterior incision. In one exemplary embodiment, a posterior incision of approximately 2-3 centimeters (0.8-1.2 inches) is generally aligned with the axis of the femoral shaft and provides access to the femoral shaft. In this embodiment, Preparation of the femoral shaft including the reaming and rasping thereof is performed through the posterior incision, and the femoral stem is inserted through the posterior incision for implantation in the femur. In an alternative embodiment, preparation of the femur is effected through the anterior incision, with the operative hip placed in hyperextension.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty. An approximately 3.75-5 centimeter (1.5-2 inch) anterior incision is made in line with the femoral neck. The femoral neck is severed from the femoral shaft and removed through the anterior incision. The acetabulum is prepared for receiving an acetabular cup through the antenor incision, and the acetabular cup is placed into the acetabulum through the anterior incision. A posterior incision of approximately 2-3 centimeters (0.8-1.2 inches) is generally aligned with the axis of the femoral shaft and provides access to the femoral shaft. Preparation of the femoral shaft including the reaming and rasping thereof is performed through the posterior incision, and the femoral stem is inserted through the posterior incision for implantation in the femur.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive (i. e., with the wound developed under an incision being substantially the same size as the incision throughout the depth of the wound) total hip arthroplasty. The apparatus includes a provisional femoral head allowing for radial placement thereof on a provisional femoral neck as well as a posterior retractor sleeve for allowing access to a femur through a posterior incision.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive (i.e., with the wound developed under an incision being substantially the same size as the incision throughout the depth of the wound) total hip arthroplasty. The apparatus includes a provisional femoral head allowing for radial placement thereof on a provisional femoral neck as well as a posterior retractor sleeve for allowing access to a femur through a posterior incision.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty. An approximately 3.75-5 centimeter (1.5-2 inch) anterior incision is made in line with the femoral neck. The femoral neck is severed from the femoral shaft and removed through the anterior incision. The acetabulum is prepared for receiving an acetabular cup through the anterior incision, and the acetabular cup is placed into the acetabulum through the anterior incision. A posterior incision of approximately 2.5-3.75 centimeters (1-1.5 inches) is generally aligned with the axis of the femoral shaft and provides access to the femoral shaft. Preparation of the femoral shaft including the reaming and rasping thereof is performed through the posterior incision, and the femoral stem is inserted through the posterior incision for implantation in the femur.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty. An approximately 3.75-5 centimeter (1.5-2 inch) anterior incision is made and the femoral neck is severed from the femoral shaft and removed through the anterior incision. The acetabulum is prepared for receiving an acetabular cup through the anterior incision, and the acetabular cup is placed into the acetabulum through the anterior incision. In one exemplary embodiment, a posterior incision of approximately 2-3 centimeters (0.8-1.2 inches) is generally aligned with the axis of the femoral shaft and provides access to the femoral shaft. In this embodiment, Preparation of the femoral shaft including the reaming and rasping thereof is performed through the posterior incision, and the femoral stem is inserted through the posterior incision for implantation in the femur. In an alternative embodiment, preparation of the femur is effected through the anterior incision, with the operative hip placed in hyperextension.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty. An approximately 3.75-5 centimeter (1.5-2 inch) anterior incision is made in line with the femoral neck. The femoral neck is severed from the femoral shaft and removed through the anterior incision. The acetabulum is prepared for receiving an acetabular cup through the anterior incision and the acetabular cup is placed into the acetabulum through the anterior incision. A posterior incision of approximately 2-3 centimeters (0.8-1.2 inches) is generally aligned with the axis of the femoral shaft and provides access to the femoral shaft. Preparation of the femoral shaft including the reaming and rasping thereof is performed through the posterior incision, and the femoral stem is inserted through the posterior incision for implantation in the femur.