Abstract: An optical system and a camera module are provided, and the optical system along an optical axis from an object side to an image side sequentially includes: a first element group, a second element group, and a third element group having a positive refractive power. The first element group, from the object side to the image side sequentially includes: a first lens having a positive refractive power and a reflective element. The reflective element is configured to reflect light exiting from the first lens. The optical system satisfies: 0.85<|FG12/FG3|<1.1, where FG12 is a combined focal length of the first element group and the second element group, and FG3 is an effective focal length of the third element group.

Abstract: An optical system and a camera module are provided. In an implementation, the optical system, along an optical axis from an object side to an image side sequentially includes, a first element group and a second element group. The first element group includes a first lens having positive refractive power, the first lens is configured to converge incident light propagating along a first optical axis; and a reflective element configured to redirect the light emitting from the first lens from propagating along the first optical axis to propagating along a second optical axis. The second element group comprises at least one lens arranged sequentially from the object side to the image side along the second optical axis. The optical system satisfies: 1.7<f1/FG2<2.5, wherein f1 is an effective focal length of the first lens, and FG2 is an effective focal length of the second element group.

Abstract: There is provided mechanisms for compensating for backlash in a steering house of a steering system in a vehicle. A method is performed by a controller of the steering system. The method comprises obtaining a hysteresis model of the backlash in the steering house. The hysteresis model has an inverse. The method comprises obtaining a control signal to be input to an electric motor of the steering system. The control signal defines a desired set point for the steering system. The method comprises determining an adjusted set point for the steering system based on the inverse of the hysteresis model, the desired set point, and a current operating point in the hysteresis model. The adjusted set point defines an adjusted control signal. The method comprises compensating for the backlash in the steering house by providing the adjusted control signal, instead of the control signal, as input to the electric motor.

Abstract: There is provided mechanisms for compensating for backlash in a steering house of a steering system in a vehicle. A method is performed by a controller of the steering system. The method comprises obtaining a hysteresis model of the backlash in the steering house. The hysteresis model has an inverse. The method comprises obtaining a control signal to be input to an electric motor of the steering system. The control signal defines a desired set point for the steering system. The method comprises determining an adjusted set point for the steering system based on the inverse of the hysteresis model, the desired set point, and a current operating point in the hysteresis model. The adjusted set point defines an adjusted control signal. The method comprises compensating for the backlash in the steering house by providing the adjusted control signal, instead of the control signal, as input to the electric motor.

Abstract: Foliamngiferosides having the general formula (I) are disclosed, wherein R is H or —OCH. The preparation method of the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds as the active ingredients, the use of the compounds and the pharmaceutical compositions for inhibiting the activity of ?-glucosidase are also disclosed. The foliamangiferosides can be used in preparing drugs for treating diabetes.

Abstract: Foliamngiferosides having the general formula (I) are disclosed, wherein R is H or —OCH. The preparation method of the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds as the active ingredients, the use of the compounds and the pharmaceutical compositions for inhibiting the activity of ?-glucosidase are also disclosed. The foliamangiferosides can be used in preparing drugs for treating diabetes.