Abstract: This invention is directed to an implant having a coil for embolizing a vascular site, such as aneurysm. The coil has a specific three-dimensional shape that is achieved by winding the coil around a mandrel in a specific pattern and then heat setting the coil and the mandrel, another aspect of the invention. The three-dimensional shape resembles unclosed mobius loops. Also provided are methods of making the coil and methods of embolizing vascular site.

Abstract: A communication device (105,200) includes a cordless telephone (205) and a two way radio (210). The communication device (105,200) is adapted to place an active cordless telephone call in a low frequency mode in response to receiving an incoming two way radio communication. The communication device (105,200) is adapted to then establish communication within the two way radio communication. The communication device (105,200) periodically re-establishes the cordless telephone call to maintain communication with a cordless base station (120) until the two way radio communication is completed.

Abstract: A receiver (600) uses a scanning technique (100) to minimize scan time. An initial bandwidth setting is selected that covers multiple channel frequencies (106). A signal detection step (108) is performed looking for channel activity. As channel activity is detected, the bandwidth of a baseband filter (628) is narrowed (140, 146). The radio remains programmed to the same channel while the bandwidth is varied. Once the last signal detection with the narrowest possible bandwidth setting has been determined (144, 150, 152) the radio is programmed to that channel. Thus, more than one channel frequency is capable of being scanned without reprogramming the radio to a new channel for each scan.

Abstract: A receiver (600) uses a scanning technique (100) to minimize scan time. An initial bandwidth setting is selected that covers multiple channel frequencies (106). A signal detection step (108) is performed looking for channel activity. As channel activity is detected, the bandwidth of a baseband filter (628) is narrowed (140, 146). The radio remains programmed to the same channel while the bandwidth is varied. Once the last signal detection with the narrowest possible bandwidth setting has been determined (144, 150, 152) the radio is programmed to that channel. Thus, more than one channel frequency is capable of being scanned without reprogramming the radio to a new channel for each scan.

Abstract: The invention concerns steps in a process for the synthesis of at least one alkyl tertiobutyl ether, preferably respectively MTBE or ETBE, from at least one alcohol and from isobutene, each synthesized at least partially from natural gas. The alcohol, preferably methanol or ethanol respectively, is synthesized at least partially from synthesis gas, a portion of said synthesis gas being prepared in a natural gas steam prereforming zone. The isobutene is synthesized in a series of processes which includes direct transformation of natural gas to ethylene, known as oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), dimerisation of ethylene to normal butene, isomerisation of n-butene to isobutene, and the separation units associated therewith.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the synthesis of at least one alkyl tertiobutyl ether, preferably respectively MTBE or ETBE, from at least one alcohol and from isobutene, each synthesized at least partially from natural gas. The alcohol, preferably methanol or ethanol respectively, is synthesized at least partially from synthesis gas, a portion of said synthesis gas being prepared in natural gas steam prereforming zone. The isobutene is synthesized in a series of processes which includes direct transformation of natural gas to ethylene, known as oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), dimerization of ethylene to normal butene, isomerization of n-butene to isobutene, and the separation units associated therewith.

Abstract: A reaction chamber (E) comprises a calender reactor (5) comprising a device (4) for introducing a feedstock; a device (6) for carrying off the treated feedstock; at least two elementary reaction cells (52), not contiguous to one another, each one consisting of an individual feedstock distributor, an individual collector of the treated feedstock, and a catalytic bed, the cells being separated from one another by a channel (51); at least one device (V) for circulating a heat-carrying fluid in each channel (51); at least n partitions (S) for separating the flow of the heat-carrying fluid, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1; and at least n+1 means (T) for heating the heat-carrying fluid. The chamber can be used for performing the catalytic reforming of naphtha under low pressure.

Abstract: Process for producing olefins from natural gas, the natural gas (2) is mainly fractionated (1) into methane (3) and higher hydrocarbons (4), the latter being then mainly fractionated (17, 20) into propane (9) and ethane (7). The methane (3), admixed with oxygen (6), passes through an oxidation reactor (5), receives the ethane (7) and the obtained mixture passes through a pyrolysis reactor (8). The effluent coming out of reactor (8) receives the propane (9) and the obtained mixture passes through a pyrolysis reactor (10). A hydrocarbon flow comprising olefins (12), more particularly ethylene and propene, is recovered.

Abstract: A reactor for low pressure catalytic reforming of gasolines with heating by smoke gases comprises: at least one device for introducing and removing the charge; at least one device for introducing and removing the catalyst; at least two elementary reaction cells spaced apart from each other are made of substantially vertical and parallelepipedic enclosures (an individual charge distributor, an individual processed charge collector, a catalytic bed); at least one general charge distributor; and at least one general processed charge collector.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions, in the presence of at least one catalyst, in at least one reaction zone equipped with heat exchanger plates which make it possible to control the temperature of the zone. The apparatus mainly comprises a reactor, at least one central distributor manifold, a plurality of distributor manifolds, at least one central receiver manifold, a plurality of receiver manifolds and a plurality of continuous and elongate hollow plates, preferably substantially perpendicular. The hollow plates can contain adjacent channels having one of the following shapes: square, rectangular, triangular, sinusoidal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions in the presence of at least one catalyst, in at least one reaction zone equipped with heat exchanger plates allowing the temperature of the zone to be controlled. The apparatus mainly comprises a reactor (1), at least one central distributing manifold (6.1a), a plurality of distributing manifolds (6.2a), at least one central receiving manifold (6.5a), a plurality of receiving manifolds (6.4a), a plurality of connecting manifolds (6.6a) and a plurality of hollow, continuous, elongate plates (6.3a), each divided into two hollow half panels (6.3, 1a and 6.3, 2a). The plates are preferably substantially parallelepipedic and may contain adjacent channels having one of the following forms: square, rectangular, triangular, or sinusoidal.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalytic method for the dimerization or codimerization or oligomerization, in particular selective, of olefins, carried out under pressure, in a reaction zone 1 containing a solid catalyst bed in which is disposed a plurality of hollow internal spaces 6.3a defined by walls, each being divided into an upper semi-space 6.3, 1a and a lower semi-space 6.3, 2a which communicate together through a connecting zone 6.6a. An autogenous thermoregulation fluid flows, in the form of a sheet, in said hollow internal spaces 6.3a after passing through a central distributing zone 6.1a and distributing zones 6.2a and before passing into collecting zone 6.4a and into a central collecting zone 6.5a.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and apparatus for manufacturing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by reacting methanol with an isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixture.This process is characterized by the steps of:introducing the reactants into a reaction-distillation zone containing at least two superposed and non-contiguous fixed beds (2a, 2b) of catalyst of the sulfonated resin type, wherein passageways are provided for a vapor phase, at least one distillation tray (4a), at least one liquid redistribution tray (5),maintaining distillation conditions in the zone so as to have a descending liquid phase and an ascending vapor phase,maintaining a continuous liquid phase in the lower part of the beds,discharging a vapor phase containing a high proportion of unconverted hydrocarbons from the top (8) of the zone, andwithdrawing a liquid phase of high MTBE content from the bottom (10) of the zone.

Abstract: Process for producing olefins from natural gas. The natural gas is fractionated (1). The methane (3) mixed with oxygen (6) crosses the oxidizing reactor (5), receives the C.sub.2 + hydrocarbons (7) and the mixture crosses the pyrolysis reactor (8). A hydrocarbons flow containing olefins (10) is collected.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the catalytic low pressure reforming of gasolines, in the presence of hydrogen, in a reaction zone defined by a substantially cylindrical enclosure. The reaction contains a catalyst bed which has the form of a ring defined by two coaxial cylindrical walls, in which a plurality of hollow internal spaces defined by walls are entirely disposed. A heat-carrying fluid flows through the hollow internal spaces. The gasoline pass through the catalyst bed substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the reaction zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a reactor for low pressure catalytic reforming of gasolines with heating by smoke gases.The reactor of the invention comprises:at least one means for introducing and removing the charge,at least one means for introducing and removing the catalyst,at least two elementary reaction cells not adjacent each other, substantially vertical and parallelepipedic, substantially parallel to each other, each of said cells being formed of three substantially parallelepipedic enclosures (an individual charge distributor, an individual processed charge collector, a catalytic bed),at least one general charge distributor,at least one general processed charge collector.The reforming process of the invention may be used in this reactor, smokes-based heating gases, coming from the combustion in air of a hydrocarbon mixture, flowing between the elementary reaction cells and thus bringing the heat required for the reforming reaction.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalytic method for the dimerization or codimerization or oligomerization, particularly selectively, of olefins, carried out under pressure, in a reaction zone 1 containing a solid catalyst bed into which is disposed a plurality of hollow internal spaces 6.3 defined by walls and through which an autogenous thermoregulation fluid flows, in the form of a sheet, after passing through a central distributing zone 6.1 and distributing zones 6.2 and before passing through collecting zones 6.4 and into a central collecting zone 6.5.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for manufacturing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by reacting methanol with an isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixture.This process is characterized by the steps of:introducing the reactants into a reaction-distillation zone containing at least two superposed and non-contiguous fixed beds (2a, 2b) of catalyst of the sulfonated resin type, wherein passage-ways are provided for a vapor phase, at least one distillation tray (4a), at least one liquid redistribution tray (5),maintaining distillation conditions in said zone so as to have a descending liquid phase and an ascending vapor phase,maintaining a continuous liquid phase in the lower part of said beds,discharging a vapor phase containing a high proportion of unconverted hydrocarbons from the top (8) of said zone, andwithdrawing a liquid phase of high MTBE content from the bottom (10) of said zone.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing synthesis gas or hydrogen by catalytic conversion of methanol in the liquid phase, comprising simultaneously passing methanol (1), a liquid phase of hydrocarbons (6) and optionally water on the catalyst (9).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of hydrogen by catalytic reforming of methanol with water vapor. A mixture of methanol, water and carbon dioxide is passed in contact with a catalyst, containing copper, in a fixed bed, in a catalytic zone, at a temperature comprised between 150.degree. and 400.degree. C., the molar ratio of the carbon dioxide to the methanol, at the entrance of the catalytic zone, being comprised between 0.001 and 0.2.