Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display substrate, a manufacturing method of the display substrate and a display apparatus. The display substrate includes a base substrate; an alignment layer, on the base substrate; a first electrode, located between the base substrate and the alignment layer and being in contact with the alignment layer; and a pattern layer, located between the base substrate and the alignment layer and being in contact with the alignment layer. An orthographic projection of the pattern layer on the base substrate does not overlap an orthographic projection of the first electrode on the base substrate, and a ratio of a contact angle of the pattern layer to a contact angle of the first electrode is greater than or equal to 7/12 and less than 3/2.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display substrate having a display region and a frame region. The display substrate includes a plurality of display pixels and a plurality of dummy pixels arranged in an array; the display pixels are distributed in the display region; the dummy pixels are distributed in the frame region. Each display pixel includes a first pixel electrode and a first common electrode; and a first voltage difference exists between the first pixel electrode and the first common electrode. Each dummy pixel includes a second pixel electrode and a second common electrode; and a second voltage difference exists between the second pixel electrode and the second common electrode. A difference between the first voltage difference and the second voltage difference is less than a set value. Embodiments of the present disclosure further provides a display panel and a display apparatus.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display substrate, a manufacturing method of the display substrate and a display apparatus. The display substrate includes a base substrate; an alignment layer, on the base substrate; a first electrode, located between the base substrate and the alignment layer and being in contact with the alignment layer; and a pattern layer, located between the base substrate and the alignment layer and being in contact with the alignment layer. An orthographic projection of the pattern layer on the base substrate does not overlap an orthographic projection of the first electrode on the base substrate, and a ratio of a contact angle of the pattern layer to a contact angle of the first electrode is greater than or equal to 7/12 and less than 3/2.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display substrate having a display region and a frame region. The display substrate includes a plurality of display pixels and a plurality of dummy pixels arranged in an array; the display pixels are distributed in the display region; the dummy pixels are distributed in the frame region. Each display pixel includes a first pixel electrode and a first common electrode; and a first voltage difference exists between the first pixel electrode and the first common electrode. Each dummy pixel includes a second pixel electrode and a second common electrode; and a second voltage difference exists between the second pixel electrode and the second common electrode. A difference between the first voltage difference and the second voltage difference is less than a set value. Embodiments of the present disclosure further provides a display panel and a display apparatus.

Abstract: A torque distribution method for four-wheel drive of an electric vehicle, and a system and a vehicle. The method includes: acquiring the total demanded torque of a whole vehicle; determining a demand state of the whole vehicle according to traveling parameter information obtaining a first front and rear axle torque distribution coefficient according to a mathematical model of front and rear axle driving force when front and rear wheels slip simultaneously, and according to the total demanded torque of the whole vehicle; obtaining the front and rear axle torque distribution coefficient according to the first front and rear axle torque distribution coefficient; and obtaining target torque of front and rear driving system according to the front and rear axle torque distribution coefficient and the total demanded torque of the whole vehicle. The best road adhesion performance and the highest driving efficiency of a vehicle can be realized.