Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the production of low sodium lithium carbonate and lithium chloride from a brine concentrated to about 6.0 wt % lithium are disclosed. Methods and apparatus for direct recovery of technical grade lithium chloride from the concentrated brine are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the production of low sodium lithium carbonate and lithium chloride from a brine concentrated to about 6.0 wt % lithium are disclosed. Methods and apparatus for direct recovery of technical grade lithium chloride from the concentrated brine are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the production of low sodium lithium carbonate and lithium chloride from a brine concentrated to about 6.0 wt % lithium are disclosed. Methods and apparatus for direct recovery of technical grade lithium chloride from the concentrated brine are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the production of low sodium lithium carbonate and lithium chloride from a brine concentrated to about 6.0 wt % lithium are disclosed. Methods and apparatus for direct recovery of technical grade lithium chloride from the concentrated brine are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the production of low sodium lithium carbonate and lithium chloride from a brine concentrated to about 6.0 wt % lithium are disclosed. Methods and apparatus for direct recovery of technical grade lithium chloride from the concentrated brine are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing lithium carbonate by precipitating magnesium as the hydroxide from a brine concentrated to a lithium concentration of about 6%. Lithium is then precipitated from the brine by addition of recycled limed mother liquor from a previous lithium precipitation step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for producing, from a lithium-containing brine, a low boron lithium carbonate compound. This compound is particularly useful for conversion to a highly pure lithium chloride for the production of lithium metal by electrolysis.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the continuity and potential rate of leakage of an underground tank hole liner formed of a sheet of electrically insulating polymeric material in which a standard current measurement is made of a circuit comprising a standard electrode in the form of a container of electrically insulating material having a small hole in a side thereof and containing an electrically conductive fluid connected to an injection electrode through a current source, the electrodes being immersed in a conductive fluid in the bottom of the tank hole to provide a calibrated liner leakage value, and such measurement is compared with the current provided by a circuit comprising the injection electrode connected to a ground electrode through the current source.

Abstract: There is provided a novel active-oxygen rich lithium, boron, oxygen compound having the empirical formulaLiOH.multidot.0.5Li.sub.2 O.sub.2 .multidot.LiBO.sub.5and a method for making the same.

Abstract: A system for determining the location of a leak in a pond liner made of electrically insulating material supported by a medium which is electrically conductive consists of a movable nozzle for directing a stream of an electrically conductive liquid against the liner, a ground electrode connected to the electrically conductive supporting medium exterior of the pond and liner, a current source connected between the nozzle and the ground electrode, and a galvanometer located in the electrical circuit comprising the nozzle, current source and ground electrode for monitoring at least one electrical property in the circuit when a change in an electrical property occurs as a result of the stream of electrically conductive liquid completing the circuit by contacting the supporting medium through a hole in the liner.

Abstract: The location of a leak in a pond liner made of a sheet of electrically insulating material, such a polyvinyl chloride, supported by an electrically conductive medium, an example of which is a salar, is determined by immersing a power electrode in an electrically conductive fluid within the pond and a second or ground electrode in the supporting medium and creating therewith an electric potential between the pond fluid and supporting medium. A detector, having a pair of spaced probe electrodes which are electrically connected, is introduced to the fluid near the power electrode with the ends of the probe electrodes adjacent the liner. The detector is rotated until a maximum current reading is obtained by a galvanometer electrically connected to the detector probes. With the probes so aligned with respect to the power electrode, the probes are cause to traverse the liner and the location of a leak is noted by a sharp change in the galvanometer reading as one of the probes passes over the leak.

Abstract: Highly pure lithium chloride suitable for use in production of lithium metal by electrolysis is obtained directly from impure natural or other lithium chloride brines by an integrated process in which the brine is first concentrated by solar energy to a lithium chloride concentration of about 3%, after which the brine is treated with lime and calcium chloride to convert such impurities as boron, magnesium and sulfate to a calcium borate hydrate, magnesium hydroxide and calcium sulfate dihydrate, respectively, and separating the precipitated calcium sulfate dihydrate from the brine. The brine is then further concentrated to 40% or more lithium chloride by means of solar or other energy, during which concentration step the calcium borate hydrate, magnesium hydroxide and calcium sulfate dihydrate precipitate from the brine. The highly concentrated brine is subjected to evaporation at a temperature above 101.degree. C. to produce anhydrous lithium chloride which is further heated to a temperature of 200.degree.

Abstract: Boron, as well as magnesium and sulfate impurities, are removed from or at least substantially reduced in a lithium containing brine to minimize lithium losses on further concentration of the brine by adding to the brine an aqueous slurry of slaked lime and a solution of calcium chloride to form a calcium borate hydrate, magnesium hydroxide and calcium sulfate dihydrate, the last named compound being precipitated and separated from the brine. On further concentration of the brine, calcium boron hydrate and magnesium hydroxide precipitate and they are also removed from the brine. In an alternate procedure, the pH of the brine is adjusted to 8.0-8.4 by addition of hydrochloric acid to form a calcium borate hydrate, which on further evaporation, is also separated from the brine. The brine is then concentrated further to recover lithium values.

Abstract: By evaporation employing solar energy, a brine having a lithium chloride concentration greater than that of a brine whose vapor pressure under ambient conditions is substantially equal to the partial pressure of moisture in the atmosphere above the brine is obtained. The process by which such result is accomplished involves the use of a pond system consisting of a series of shallow ponds of relatively large surface area to which a dilute lithium chloride brine is introduced. The flow of the brine through the pond system is controlled so that, at a point intermediate the points of introduction of the brine to and withdrawal of the brine from the pond system, the concentration of the brine is such that its vapor pressure under ambient conditions is substantially equal to the partial pressure of the moisture in the atmosphere immediately above the pond system.