Abstract: A measurement apparatus has a current sensor and at least one A/D converter, which current sensor has at least two channels (CH1, CH2), via which channels (CH1, CH2) the current sensor (30) respectively provides a measurement signal (CH1_SIG, CH2_SIG) characterizing the current. The at least two channels (CH1, CH2) include a first channel (CH1) and a second channel (CH2), which second channel (CH2) is designed to measure a greater maximum current than the first channel (CH1). Also described is a method for measuring a current flowing through a conductor by way of the measurement apparatus.

Abstract: A method for actuating contactors in a traction system. The traction system includes an AC battery, an electric motor, at least one peripheral unit, a plurality of voltage and current sensors, a plurality of contactors, which are arranged in electrical connections to the AC battery and to the electric motor and to the at least one peripheral unit, and a controller having a hardware-programmable processor unit on which a control program for actuating the contactors is configured at the start of operation. After the configuration, a fixed semiconductor circuit structure relating to the actuation of the contactors is available to the processor unit. The traction system has multiple modes of operation. A respective mode of operation is predefined by a general vehicle controller. A respective mode of operation has a plurality of states formed by at least one respective target state and at least one intermediate state.

Abstract: A method of analysis using mass spectrometry and/or ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed. The method comprises: using a first device to generate smoke, aerosol or vapour from a target comprising or consisting of a microbial population; mass analysing and/or ion mobility analysing said smoke, aerosol or vapour, or ions derived therefrom, in order to obtain spectrometric data; and analysing said spectrometric data in order to analyse said microbial population.

Abstract: The present invention relates to TWEAK-receptor agonists for use in the treatment of a cancer, wherein the TWEAK-receptor agonist is combined with immunotherapy of the cancer. The TWEAK-receptor agonist preferably is a multivalent ligand that causes clustering of TWEAK-receptors at the cell surface. A suitable TWEAK-receptor agonist is an agonistic anti-Fn14 antibody. The TWEAK-receptor agonist and immunotherapy be can further be combined with a SMAC mimetic in the treatment of cancer. The TWEAK-receptor agonist is useful, optionally in combination with a SMAC mimetic, to prevent resistance of a cancer to immunotherapy and/or to treat a cancer comprising tumor cells that are resistant to immunotherapy.

Abstract: A method for switching control of a multi-level converter. The multi-level converter has a plurality of modules. A total switching state is formed from respective module switching states of the plurality of modules by the switching control. A current state of charge of all energy stores of the multi-level converter is provided continuously to the switching control. The switching control is divided into an offline part and an online part, wherein, in the offline part, a plurality of offline switching tables is calculated by way of optimizers in a continuous sequence and, for calculation of a respective offline switching table of the plurality of offline switching tables, a respective cost function is minimized according to at least one predefined offline optimization criterion for evaluating the total switching state. In the online part, an online switching table is selected from the plurality of offline switching tables in a continuous sequence.

Abstract: A method controls switching states of a multi-level converter with multiple modules. Each module has: terminals on a first and second side; controllable switches; and an energy store in series with a first switch in a first connection between the terminals. A second switch is arranged in a connection between the terminals. The control of the switching states is divided into a real-time and offline part. In the real-time part, for each time step: a voltage level is allocated to a voltage requirement; a total switching state is determined in a first switching table for the voltage level; and the total switching state is passed on as a control signal to the switches. In the offline part: a second switching table is calculated, resulting in accordance with a minimization of a cost function.

Abstract: System (100) comprising a device (101) comprising a body (102), an ion conductive member (120), a first electrode (131), and a second electrode (132). The system (100) further comprises a source solution (141), a target solution (142), a first species (151), and a second species (152). A first end (121) of the ion conductive member (120) is arranged in contact with 5 the source solution (141). A second end (122) of the ion conductive member (120) is arranged in contact with the target solution (142). The first electrode (131) is arranged in contact with the source solution (141), the second electrode (132) is arranged in contact with the target solution (142), the first species (151) is in the source solution (141), and the second species (152) is in the target solution (142).

Abstract: A method of analysis using mass spectrometry and/or ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed. The method comprises: using a first device to generate smoke, aerosol or vapour from a target comprising or consisting of a microbial population; mass analysing and/or ion mobility analysing said smoke, aerosol or vapour, or ions derived therefrom, in order to obtain spectrometric data; and analysing said spectrometric data in order to analyse said microbial population.

Abstract: An antenna array that utilizes ground guard rings and metamaterial structures is disclosed. In certain embodiments, the antenna array is constructed from a plurality of antenna unit cells, wherein each antenna unit cell is identical. The antenna unit cell comprises a top surface, that contains a patch antenna and a ground guard ring. A reactive impedance surface (RIS) layer is disposed beneath the top surface and contains the metamaterial structures. The metamaterial structures are configured to present an inductance to the patch antennas, thereby allowing the patch antennas to be smaller than would otherwise be possible. In some embodiments, the metamaterial structures comprise hollow square frames. An antenna array constructed using this antenna unit cell has less coupling than conventional antenna arrays, which results in better performance. A ground skirt surrounds the perimeter of the antenna array to improve radiation phase pattern balance within the array.

Abstract: A battery charging device for charging a discharged or depleted battery, the device including one or more temperature sensors for measuring or approximating a temperature of the discharged or depleted battery and a controller receiving input signals from the one or more temperature sensors for compensating a charging operation of the battery charging device.

Abstract: A method is disclosed comprising providing a biological sample on a swab, directing a spray of charged droplets onto a surface of the swab in order to generate a plurality of analyte ions, and analysing the analyte ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to conjugates of antibodies and cytotoxic agents for use in treatment of cancer in combination with an inhibitor of PD-1 or PD-L1. The antibodies are directed against Axl.

Abstract: A window mounted support platform for an electrical generator. The support platform is securable to a window frame and provides a movable platform that can be orientated on the interior side of the window frame for ease of accessing a generator secured to the platform. The movable platform can further be moved to a position external the window frame where the generator can operate without introducing fumes inside the window frame. The generator is secured to the top of the platform. The support platform employs a runner extending from a bracket configured for placement on the inside of a window frame, allowing movement of the shelf platform from an internal orientation to an external orientation. Doors are used to isolate the generator from the interior living space. An electrical cord can be routed through a sealing mechanism in the doors.

Abstract: A method is disclosed comprising providing a biological sample on a swab, directing a spray of charged droplets onto a surface of the swab in order to generate a plurality of analyte ions, and analysing the analyte ions.

Abstract: A device for transport of ions and/or charged molecules between a source and a target electrolyte, comprising: a first electrode provided at or in said source electrolyte, and a second electrode provided at or in said target electrolyte; and wherein said first and second electrodes provides an electrical control of an ion flow, and further comprising means for limiting an electronic current between said source and said target electrodes, such that at least after a voltage is applied a potential difference between said source and target electrodes is maintained, which effects ion transport from said source to said target electrode; wherein the device further comprises an ion- and/or permselective polyelectrolyte for transport ions and/or charged molecules via electrophoresis and functions as an ion-selective membrane; and wherein said polyelectrolyte comprises a cross-linked hyperbranched polymer.

Abstract: A method of analysis using mass and/or ion mobility spectrometry or ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed comprising: using a first device to generate aerosol, smoke or vapour from one or more regions of a first target of biological material; and el mass and/or ion mobility analysing and/or ion mobility analysing said aerosol, smoke, or vapour, or ions derived therefrom so as to obtain first spectrometric data. The method may use an ambient ionisation method.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing ambient ionization mass and/or ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a substantially cylindrical, tubular, rod-shaped, coil-shaped, helical or spiral-shaped collision assembly; and a first device arranged and adapted to direct analyte, smoke, fumes, liquid, gas, surgical smoke, aerosol or vapor onto said collision assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed comprising a first device for generating aerosol, smoke or vapour from one or more regions of a target, an inlet conduit to an ion analyser or mass spectrometer, the inlet conduit having an inlet through which the aerosol, smoke or vapour passes, and a Venturi pump arrangement arranged and adapted to direct the aerosol, smoke or vapour towards the inlet.

Abstract: A method for state-of-charge monitoring of an AC battery, in which the battery includes a central controller having a scheduler, measuring sensors and at least two battery modules. The at least two battery modules each have at least one energy storage element and at least two power semiconductor switches, which connect the respective battery module in series or in parallel or in bypass with another battery module. The battery is controlled by the central controller, and a respective switching state of the at least two battery modules is preset by the scheduler. The state-of-charge monitoring is implemented by a control program within the scheduler. During operation of the battery, a state of each individual energy storage element is monitored by virtue of a respective current flow at a respective energy storage element being determined using continued evaluation of measured values of preset battery parameters which are detected by measuring sensors.

Abstract: A method for actuating contactors in a traction system. The traction system includes an AC battery, an electric motor, at least one peripheral unit, a plurality of voltage and current sensors, a plurality of contactors, which are arranged in electrical connections to the AC battery and to the electric motor and to the at least one peripheral unit, and a controller having a hardware-programmable processor unit on which a control program for actuating the contactors is configured at the start of operation. After the configuration, a fixed semiconductor circuit structure relating to the actuation of the contactors is available to the processor unit. The traction system has multiple modes of operation. A respective mode of operation is predefined by a general vehicle controller. A respective mode of operation has a plurality of states formed by at least one respective target state and at least one intermediate state.