Abstract: A reference voltage value and a chip select (CS) signal timing delay provided to memory devices can be determined based on samples of the CS signal received by the memory devices. The CS signal can be provided to the memory devices with varying time delays and for various reference voltages. Various samples of the CS signal from the memory devices can indicate different times for rising and falling edges of the CS signal. A composite signal eye can be generated by the latest occurring rising edge and the earliest occurring falling edge of the CS signal. The reference voltage value and timing delay can be chosen based on the composite signal eye width that is the closest to a reference eye width.

Abstract: A host controller apparatus for determining information related to a time shift for transmitting instructions on a command and address bus includes an interface for transmitting a plurality of instruction signals to a memory module via the command and address bus and for receiving a loopback feedback signal from the memory module. The host controller apparatus further includes a control module configured to transmit the plurality of instruction signals to the memory module via the command and address bus. The control module is configured to receive the loopback feedback signal from the memory module. The loopback feedback signal includes a looped-back composite version of the plurality of instruction signals. The control module is configured to determine the information related to the time shift for transmitting instructions on the command and address bus based on the loopback feedback signal.

Abstract: A host controller apparatus for determining information related to a time shift for transmitting instructions on a command and address bus includes an interface for transmitting a plurality of instruction signals to a memory module via the command and address bus and for receiving a loopback feedback signal from the memory module. The host controller apparatus further includes a control module configured to transmit the plurality of instruction signals to the memory module via the command and address bus. The control module is configured to receive the loopback feedback signal from the memory module. The loopback feedback signal includes a looped-back composite version of the plurality of instruction signals. The control module is configured to determine the information related to the time shift for transmitting instructions on the command and address bus based on the loopback feedback signal.

Abstract: A disclosed example includes setting a first reference voltage value in a memory device for use during operation of the memory device in a per-device addressability (PDA) mode, the first reference voltage value for use by the memory device to determine a first logic value at a data line of the memory device during the PDA mode, the PDA mode to enable access to the memory device exclusive of other memory devices in circuit with the memory device; and setting a second reference voltage value in the memory device for use during operation of the memory device in a non-PDA mode, the non-PDA mode to enable writing data to the memory device, the second reference voltage value for use by the memory device to determine a second logic value at the data line of the memory device during a write operation.

Abstract: A transportable PCM (phase change material) module comprises a number of PCM packs; a housing for thermally insulting said number of PCM packs from a module's surrounding medium; spaces separating said packs and forming one or more channels for the flow of a fluid; said housing incorporating a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; whereby, in use, fluid flows through said channels from said inlet to said outlet. A PCM (phase change material) pack comprises a laminate of a first conducting panel and a second conducting panel enclosing a portion formed primarily of PCM; wherein said portion of PCM incorporates thermal conductors.

Abstract: A power distribution system for distributing electrical power to battery-powered electrical devices, in particular mobile telephones, comprises at least one power connector for connection to an electrical device of a user whereby to replenish the battery of that device in response to a requirement from the user for battery charging and a locking mechanism configured selectively to connect the power connector to a source of electrical power only in response to receipt of an authorisation signal. The locking mechanism comprises a receiver configured to receive the authorisation signal from a remote server via a telecommunications network.

Abstract: A transportable PCM (phase change material) module comprises a number of PCM packs; a housing for thermally insulting said number of PCM packs from a module's surrounding medium; spaces separating said packs and forming one or more channels for the flow of a fluid; said housing incorporating a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; whereby, in use, fluid flows through said channels from said inlet to said outlet. A PCM (phase change material) pack comprises a laminate of a first conducting panel and a second conducting panel enclosing a portion formed primarily of PCM; wherein said portion of PCM incorporates thermal conductors. A PCM (phase change material pack) comprises an envelope of relatively highly thermally conductive material enclosing a portion formed primarily of PCM; wherein said PCM portion incorporates a conductive compound mixed into said PCM which comprises carbon black particles.

Abstract: A transportable PCM (phase change material) module comprises anumber of PCM packs; a housing for thermally insulting said number of PCM packs from a module's surrounding medium; spaces separating said packs and forming one or more channels for the flow of a fluid; said housing incorporating a fluid inlet and a fluidoutlet; whereby, in use, fluid flows through said channels from said inlet to said outlet.A PCM (phase change material) pack comprises a laminate of a first conducting panel and a second conducting panel enclosing a portion formed primarily of PCM; wherein said portion of PCM incorporates thermal conductors. A PCM (phase change material pack) comprises an envelope of relatively highly thermally conductive material enclosing a portion formed primarily of PCM; wherein said PCM portion incorporates a conductive compound mixed into said PCM which comprises carbon black particles.

Abstract: A fluid conditioning arrangement comprises a primary heat exchanger configured to cool and/or heat the fluid; a secondary heat exchanger configured to cool and/or heat the fluid; and a controller for operating said secondary heat exchanger when said primary heat exchanger fails to cool and/or heat the fluid at a predetermined acceptablelevel; wherein said primary heat exchanger is a phase change material (PCM) based heat exchanger.

Abstract: A transportable PCM (phase change material) module comprises a number of PCM packs; a housing for thermally insulting said number of PCM packs from a module's surrounding medium; spaces separating said packs and forming one or more channels for the flow of a fluid; said housing incorporating a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; whereby, in use, fluid flows through said channels from said inlet to said outlet. A PCM (phase change material) pack comprises a laminate of a first conducting panel and a second conducting panel enclosing a portion formed primarily of PCM; wherein said portion of PCM incorporates thermal conductors.