Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibrating and controlling tunable lasers are disclosed. Multiple methodologies disclosed herein may be used, alone or in combination, which significantly speed up a calibration time and thus provide a significant advantage over existing technology in calibrating the tunable lasers. Certain methodologies benefit from a unique design of the tunable lasers that couple two or more optical facets to an output. The tunable lasers may be equipped with two or more sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SGDBR) mirrors and may include Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs) after the SGDBR mirrors.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibrating and controlling tunable lasers are disclosed. Multiple methodologies disclosed herein may be used, alone or in combination, which significantly speed up a calibration time and thus provide a significant advantage over existing technology in calibrating the tunable lasers. Certain methodologies benefit from a unique design of the tunable lasers that couple two or more optical facets to an output. The tunable lasers may be equipped with two or more sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SGDBR) mirrors and may include Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs) after the SGDBR mirrors.

Abstract: A method for realizing a semiconductor waveguide and an ultra-low-loss dielectric waveguide disposed on the same substrate is disclosed. The method includes forming a partial dielectric waveguide structure on the substrate, wherein the dielectric waveguide is annealed to reduce hydrogen incorporation, and wherein the top cladding of the dielectric waveguide is only partially formed by a first dielectric layer. A second substrate comprising a semiconductor layer having a second dielectric layer disposed on its top surface is bonded to the first substrate such that the first and second dielectric layers collectively form the complete top cladding for the dielectric waveguide. The second substrate is then removed and the semiconductor layer is patterned to define the semiconductor waveguide core.

Abstract: A method for realizing a semiconductor waveguide and an ultra-low-loss dielectric waveguide disposed on the same substrate is disclosed. The method includes forming a partial dielectric waveguide structure on the substrate, wherein the dielectric waveguide is annealed to reduce hydrogen incorporation, and wherein the top cladding of the dielectric waveguide is only partially formed by a first dielectric layer. A second substrate comprising a semiconductor layer having a second dielectric layer disposed on its top surface is bonded to the first substrate such that the first and second dielectric layers collectively form the complete top cladding for the dielectric waveguide. The second substrate is then removed and the semiconductor layer is patterned to define the semiconductor waveguide core.

Abstract: A process that generates translations and synonyms in a database with multiple dictionaries is disclosed. When translations are required among a plurality of languages, two or more “core” languages are chosen, for which there will be dictionaries with all other languages. A given word or other semantic unit is first translated into a first core language, and the set of possible translations is then translated into the target language, generating a target output set. These steps are repeated using the second core language. Acceptable translations of the word lie in the intersection between the two target output sets. The process reduces the total number of dictionaries needed to completely translate among a given number of languages, and also increases the accuracy of the “indirect” or “intermediate” method of translation between two non-core languages. The process can also be used to generate a list of acceptable synonyms in the same language.

Abstract: An improved photonic switch having optical amplification is described. Signals are amplified before they are switched, after they are switched, or both before and after they are switched. The optical amplification compensates for fixed losses within the switch and transmission system, or provides output power equalization. The photonic switching system includes a demultiplexer for dividing incoming light into different wavelengths or wavebands. The different signals are then supplied to optical amplifiers. The amplifiers amplify the optical signals before supplying them to the optical switch core. Once in the optical switch core, the signals are switched as desired to specified output nodes, then multiplexed back together to provide an output signal from the photonic switching system. In some systems amplification is further provided on the output side.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the automatic annotation of data are disclosed, particularly a process and system for enabling users to generate automatic annotations, to select one or more of those annotations, and to utilize the selected annotations and their various relationships to the annotated data. Also disclosed are ways to utilize selected online annotations in the form of promotional material, so that the user can manage the online promotional material he/she selects, and obtain various advantages therefrom.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the automatic annotation of data are disclosed, particularly a process and system for enabling users to generate automatic annotations, to select one or more of those annotations, and to utilize the selected annotations and their various relationships to the annotated data.

Abstract: An apparatus for simultaneous OTDM demultiplexing, electrical clock recovery and optical clock generation, and optical clock recovery using a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator. The apparatus includes a TW-EAM and a PLL coupled thereto. The TW-EAM includes a first, a second, a third, and a fourth. The first port is used for an optical input and the third port is used for optical output. The second port is coupled to an input, and the fourth port is coupled to an output, of the PLL. When the first port receives optical input, the second port produces a photocurrent to be applied to the PLL, and the fourth port receives a recovered clock produced by the PLL, and the third port produces demultiplexed data and an optical clock. Using the same configuration, the apparatus produces a recovered optical clock signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for simultaneous OTDM demultiplexing, electrical clock recovery and optical clock generation, and optical clock recovery using a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator. The apparatus includes a TW-EAM and a PLL coupled thereto. The TW-EAM includes a first, a second, a third, and a fourth. The first port is used for an optical input and the third port is used for optical output. The second port is coupled to an input, and the fourth port is coupled to an output, of the PLL. When the first port receives optical input, the second port produces a photocurrent to be applied to the PLL, and the fourth port receives a recovered clock produced by the PLL, and the third port produces demultiplexed data and an optical clock. Using the same configuration, the apparatus produces a recovered optical clock signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for simultaneous OTDM demultiplexing, electrical clock recovery and optical clock generation, and optical clock recovery using a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator. The apparatus includes a TW-EAM and a PLL coupled thereto. The TW-EAM includes a first, a second, a third, and a fourth. The first port is used for an optical input and the third port is used for optical output. The second port is coupled to an input, and the fourth port is coupled to an output, of the PLL. When the first port receives optical input, the second port produces a photocurrent to be applied to the PLL, and the fourth port receives a recovered clock produced by the PLL, and the third port produces demultiplexed data and an optical clock. Using the same configuration, the apparatus produces a recovered optical clock signal.

Abstract: An improved photonic switch having optical amplification is described. Signals are amplified before they are switched, after they are switched, or both before and after they are switched. The optical amplification compensates for fixed losses within the switch and transmission system, or provides output power equalization. The photonic switching system includes a demultiplexer for dividing incoming light into different wavelengths or wavebands. The different signals are then supplied to optical amplifiers. The amplifiers amplify the optical signals before supplying them to the optical switch core. Once in the optical switch core, the signals are switched as desired to specified output nodes, then multiplexed back together to provide an output signal from the photonic switching system. In some systems amplification is further provided on the output side.