Abstract: A method for measuring the tenacity Kc of a material, wherein a cuboid test piece of the material with a central hole is placed between two jaws of a compression testing device, each of said jaws pressing on a far end of the test piece. The two jaws apply a force to each of the ends until the test piece fails completely. Variations of the applied compression force applied at each end of the test piece are measured as a function of the time, during compression. The maximum value F0 of said compression force is determined. Three distinct zones are marked on the surface of one of the failure surfaces. A distance is measured L0 between the edge of the hole and a transition line separating the second zone from the third zone, and the parameter Kc is calculated as a function of the force F0 and the distance L0.

Abstract: A process for fabricating an antiferromagnetic layer includes depositing on a substrate a first layer with a sufficient thickness to establish a specific magnetic order from among one of the following orders, ferrimagnetic, ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, diamagnetic; after establishing the ferrimagnetic, ferromagnetic, paramagnetic or diamagnetic order, applying a magnetic field with sufficient amplitude and duration to shift walls of the magnetic domains of the first layer from a first statistical distribution to a second statistical distribution, the second statistical distribution presenting a minimum magnetic domain size strictly greater than the minimum magnetic domain size of the first statistical distribution and; for a given area, magnetic domains in which the perimeter is greater than that of domains from the first statistical distribution; and depositing on the first layer whose magnetic domain walls have been shifted, a second layer of an antiferromagnetic material in which at least one of the compon

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and to a system for determining, in a solid structure that has failed along at least one fracture surface, the propagation path of at least one crack at the origin of said or each fracture surface. The method according to the invention comprises a step a) for the acquisition of topographical data for said or each surface either in a case (i) by extraction of height profiles along a plurality of directions or in a case (ii) by acquisition of a height contour map, and with a resolution for which said structure is heterogeneous and rough, which method includes, after this step a), an analysis of the statistical roughness properties of the or each surface that displays an anisotropy of these properties along said plurality of directions, in order to deduce from this anisotropy at least one propagation direction X of the or each crack that defines all or part of said path.