Abstract: The invention is concerned with a simple and reliable manner of monitoring a handling or use of injection devices by means of a reusable electronic module. According to the invention, a displacement of a component of the injection device between an initial position and an intermediate position, and a subsequent displacement of the same component between the intermediate position and a final position essentially identical with the initial position is observed by one and the same sensor comprised in an electronic module separate from the injection device. A status or state of the injection device is then inferred in the electronic module from these two observations by way of digitally processing sensor output information. The invention thus enables secure, easy and cost-effective operation of components, devices and systems for the generation, collection and distribution of data associated with the handling or use of the injection devices.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a simple and reliable manner of monitoring a handling or use of injection devices by means of a reusable electronic module. According to the invention, a displacement of a component of the injection device between an initial position and an intermediate position, and a subsequent displacement of the same component between the intermediate position and a final position essentially identical with the initial position is observed by one and the same sensor comprised in an electronic module separate from the injection device. A status or state of the injection device is then inferred in the electronic module from these two observations by way of digitally processing sensor output information. The invention thus enables secure, easy and cost-effective operation of components, devices and systems for the generation, collection and distribution of data associated with the handling or use of the injection devices.

Abstract: A method for determining a derived geographic location of a target Internet host includes identifying plural landmark Internet hosts communicatively coupled with the target Internet host by a network. The method also includes measuring network latencies of probe packets transmitted to the target and landmark Internet hosts along different network pathways and calculating relative distances between the target Internet host and one or more of the landmark Internet hosts based on the network latencies. The method further includes comparing the relative distances to identify at least one of the landmark Internet hosts that is geographically closer to the target Internet host than one or more other landmark Internet hosts and determining the derived geographic location of the target Internet host based on a geographic location of the at least one of the landmark Internet hosts that is geographically closer to the target Internet host.

Abstract: A method for determining a derived geographic location of a target Internet host includes identifying plural landmark Internet hosts communicatively coupled with the target Internet host by a network. The method also includes measuring network latencies of probe packets transmitted to the target and landmark Internet hosts along different network pathways and calculating relative distances between the target Internet host and one or more of the landmark Internet hosts based on the network latencies. The method further includes comparing the relative distances to identify at least one of the landmark Internet hosts that is geographically closer to the target Internet host than one or more other landmark Internet hosts and determining the derived geographic location of the target Internet host based on a geographic location of the at least one of the landmark Internet hosts that is geographically closer to the target Internet host.