Abstract: A method of edge detection with an optical measuring machine including aligning a test object with a lens system having a variable size aperture, wherein the lens system is operable to form an image of the test object on a digital sensor having an array of addressable pixels, and wherein the variable size aperture is operable to image points of the test object on the digital sensor at different spot sizes. Setting the variable size aperture to a first size and binning contiguous clusters of the addressable pixels into image pixels having a first size in accordance with the number of addressable pixels within each of the image pixels. Identifying contrast variations of the test object imaged onto the digital detector over a number of image pixels at the variable aperture first size, whereby an area of the test object is imaged at a first effective magnification.

Abstract: An optical imaging system for a dimensional measuring machine including a digital sensor having an array of addressable pixels, a lens system that provides for forming an image of a test object on the digital sensor, and a variable size aperture of the lens that changes an f-number of the lens system for imaging points of the test object on the digital sensor at different spot sizes. An aperture controller varies the aperture size. An image controller groups contiguous clusters of one or more of the pixels having a common output such that the number of pixels within each of the clusters having a common output can be varied.

Abstract: An optical imaging system for a dimensional measuring machine including a digital sensor having an array of addressable pixels, a lens system that provides for forming an image of a test object on the digital sensor, and a variable size aperture of the lens that changes an f-number of the lens system for imaging points of the test object on the digital sensor at different spot sizes. An aperture controller varies the aperture size. An image controller groups contiguous clusters of one or more of the pixels having a common output such that the number of pixels within each of the clusters having a common output can be varied.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for scanning surfaces of a three-dimensional object employ a first sensor to acquire first data points and a second sensor to acquire second data points. The first sensor has a relatively lower accuracy and faster data point acquisition rate than the second sensor, and the second data points are assigned a higher weighting than the first data points. A three-dimensional coordinate point cloud is generated based on the both the first and second data points and their respective weighting.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for scanning surfaces of a three-dimensional object employ a first sensor to acquire first data points and a second sensor to acquire second data points. The first sensor has a relatively lower accuracy and faster data point acquisition rate than the second sensor, and the second data points are assigned a higher weighting than the first data points. A three-dimensional coordinate point cloud is generated based on the both the first and second data points and their respective weighting.

Abstract: A process for pre-calibrating illumination sources permits illumination light intensities to be set to a near optimal level during training of an optical inspection system. Applicants have found that the illumination source intensities for a category of illuminators are sufficiently constant from machine to machine that the data collected during calibration of an illumination source on a machine using a particular type of source may be used on other machines of the same type using the same type of illumination source when combined with the reticle light intensity data for different zoom magnification's of the particular machine being used. That is, using known data for particular machine and the illumination source light intensity data for the same type of machine and illumination source permits accurate presetting of an illumination source.

Abstract: A process for pre-calibrating illumination sources permits illumination light intensities to be set to a near optimal level during training of an optical inspection system. Applicants have found that the illumination source intensities for a category of illuminators are sufficiently constant from machine to machine that the data collected during calibration of an illumination source on a machine using a particular type of source may be used on other machines of the same type using the same type of illumination source when combined with the reticle light intensity data for different zoom magnification's of the particular machine being used. That is, using known data for particular machine and the illumination source light intensity data for the same type of machine and illumination source permits accurate presetting of an illumination source.

Abstract: A color image-forming apparatus comprises an electrophotoconductive imaging member moving in a first direction. A first corona charger forms an electrostatic charge on the imaging member. A first exposure device such as a laser or LED printhead imagewise modulates the electrostatic charge on an area of the member comprising an image frame. A first developer station develops a first visible image on the image frame with a pigmented toner of a first color. A second corona charger electrostatically charges the image frame having the visible image. A second exposure device such as a laser or LED device imagewise modulates the electrostatic charge on the image frame that was formed by the second charger. A second visible image is then formed on the image frame with a pigmented toner of a second color. The first and second visible images are transferred to a surface of a receiver sheet to form a two-colored image thereon.

Abstract: A high yield method for the fabrication of multi-element, gallium-arsenide-phosphide light emitting diode arrays having square light emitting elements 7903 square microns on 88.9 micron center suitable for use in electronic/optical printers, is described. The resulting arrays at a current density of 200 A/cm.sup.2 have 0.6% power efficiency and a radiant exitance of 3.8 W cm -2 with less than 2% standard deviation in element to element radiant exitance. The integrated, relatively low cost LED arrays, are particularly suitable for use in electronic/optical printing applications.

Abstract: An array of addressable, electrically isolated, light emitting diodes are fabricated in the substrate of a monolithic device. Discrete regions of the array constitute respective pixels of the array. Each array pixel has at least three diodes. Two diodes are commonly addressable and a third diode interleaved between the commonly addressable diodes is separately addressable. Each diode of an array pixel, when addressed is forward biased and produces output light which is emitted from its pixel and forms a light image on a corresponding pixel of an image zone. The selectively addressing of the LEDs of the array pixels causes the addressed LEDs to emit light and provide different gray scale light images at corresponding image zone pixels.

Abstract: An array of light emitting diodes are fabricated in the substrate of a monolithic device. Each diode, when forward biased, produces output light which is emitted from the device and subsurface light which is transmitted through the substrate. A single detector is fabricated in the substrate and detects subsurface light from any forward biased light emitting diode of such array. In response to such subsurface light, the detector produces a signal which is representative of the intensity of output light emitted from the device by such forward biased light emitting diode.

Abstract: A bistable circuit having a monolithic device with first and second optically isolated stages is disclosed. Each stage has a light emitting diode and a corresponding detector. Subsurface light from each diode provides optical feedback through the device to its corresponding detector.

Abstract: Active distance detection is effected by (1) directing light through a lens to an object, from an emitter zone located at or proximate the lens focal plane, (2) sensing the amplitude of light reflected back through the lens from the object at two or more detection zones that are located respectively at different distances from the emitter zone and that are generally coplanar with the emitter zone in a plane substantially normal to the optical axis of the lens, and (3) comparing the amplitudes of object-reflected light at the detection zones in a manner determinative of the unique distance-from-emitter-zone versus reflected-light-amplitude curve of the object's distance.

Abstract: An efficient light emitting diode is disclosed wherein the spatial distribution of emitted radiation is highly uniform. In accordance with the present invention, a transparent electrode is used to couple current to the light emitting diode junction in a manner that minimizes the resistance at the interface between the transparent electrode and semiconductor diode material. Specifically, it has been found that the interface resistance is significantly reduced, and device efficiency thus increased, by forming a thin metal-based layer at such interface and/or by annealing the transparent electrode after formation on the device.