Abstract: A method of replica moulding microstructures, the method including forming a negative master of at least one microstructure configured to support microscopic biological material, casting a flowable polymeric material onto the negative master, placing a substrate against the flowable polymeric material and the negative master, allowing the flowable polymeric material to solidify in the negative master and on the substrate, and separating the substrate and the solidified polymeric material from the negative master, thereby leaving a positive replica of the at least one microstructure on the substrate.

Abstract: An interworking function (IWF) is coupled to a switch of a packet network and communicates with the network switch based on an Ethernet clock signal or some other type of clock signal. A primary reference clock (PRC) of the network generates a PRC signal, and a timing analyzer determines timing information indicative of timing relationships between the Ethernet clock signal and the PRC signal. The timing analyzer periodically transmits such timing information, and the IWF uses the timing information to generate a PRC signal that is traceable to the network PRC signal.

Abstract: A method of controlling healthcare claim payment losses including accessing information about a claim after a payer is prepared to pay, but prior to payment, applying at least one rule to the information, wherein the at least one rule is adapted to determine indications of fraud and if fraud is indicated, flagging the claim, else recommending payment, wherein flagging of the claim or recommending payment occurs prior to payment. Also, a healthcare claim loss control system including a database having data related to healthcare claims and a loss control engine in communication with the database wherein the loss control engine accesses data corresponding to a healthcare claim when the claim is ready for payment, but before payment of the claim occurs and wherein the claim scoring engine applies at least one rule adapted to identify fraud and flags the claim for any indicated fraud before payment of the claim.

Abstract: A method of controlling healthcare claim payment losses including accessing claim information after a payer is prepared to pay the claim, but prior to payment, evaluating the information and developing a score indicative of loss control opportunities and if the score exceeds a threshold, flagging the claim to the payer for loss control opportunities else, recommending payment, wherein flagging of the claim or recommending payment of the claim occurs prior to payment. A healthcare claim loss control system including a database having data related to claims and a scoring engine in communication with the database wherein the scoring engine accesses data corresponding to a claim when the claim is ready for payment, but before payment occurs and wherein the scoring engine evaluates the claim for loss control opportunities and generates at least one score for the claim corresponding to the evaluated loss control opportunities before payment.

Abstract: A method for controlling healthcare claim payment losses including accessing information about a claim after a payer is prepared to pay, but prior to payment, evaluating the information including at least one of determining indications of fraud, validating service coding and editing as indicated, identifying possible payment discounts, and developing analytics indicative of risk for future claims, and providing loss control recommendations based at least partially on the evaluation, prior to paying the claim. Also a loss control system for healthcare claims with a loss control engine and a database in communication with the loss control engine, wherein the loss control engine accesses information about healthcare claims from the database after the claims have been processed for payment and wherein the loss control engine further analyses the claims for potential cost savings and returns a loss control recommendation for each claim to the database before payment of the respective claim.

Abstract: A plate (10) with spikes (11) projecting therefrom to impale a log on respective opposite sides of a crack (20) in the end of the log and wherein the plate has pull tabs (18, 19) integral therewith and grippingly engageable by a tool (30) used to remove the plate from the end of the log. A tool for inserting and removing the plate from the log includes means (37) for driving and means (33) for removing the plate from the log including a slot (35) adjacent the impact end of the tool and into which the pull tab on the plate is inserted.

Abstract: The invention relates to materials and devices including these materials having non-erasable optical data capability, as well as to methods of storing optical data and to apparatus for carrying out these functions. In particular there is provided a method of storage of non-erasable optical data comprising exposing data storage material of a three-dimensional optical data storage device to focussed electromagnetic radiation wherein the radiation is of a wavelength and power appropriate to generate micro-cavity formation within the data storage material and wherein the location of micro-cavities encodes for stored data; the data storage material comprising a polymer matrix and a photosensitive agent dispersed through the polymer matrix.