Abstract: The sequence of a target polynucleotide can be determined by: (i) contacting the target polynucleotide with a polymerase enzyme and one of the nucleotides A, T(U), G and C under conditions suitable for the polymerase reaction to proceed; (ii) measuring the time taken for the polymerase to bind to and subsequently dissociate from the target polynucleotide, to thereby determine whether the polymerase has incorporated the nucleotide onto the target polynucleotide; (iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii) with additional nucleotides, to thereby identify the sequence of the target polynucleotide.

Abstract: The sequence of a target polynucleotide can be determined by: (i) contacting the target polynucleotide with a polymerase enzyme and one of the nucleotides A, T(U), G and C under conditions suitable for the polymerase reaction to proceed; (ii) measuring the time taken for the polymerase to bind to and subsequently dissociate from the target polynucleotide, to thereby determine whether the polymerase has incorporated the nucleotide onto the target polynucleotide; (iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii) with additional nucleotides, to thereby identify the sequence of the target polynucleotide.

Abstract: The sequence of a target polynucleotide can be determined by: (i) contacting the target polynucleotide with a polymerase enzyme and one of the nucleotides A, T(U), G and C under conditions suitable for the polymerase reaction to proceed; (ii) measuring the time taken for the polymerase to bind to and subsequently dissociate from the target polynucleotide, to thereby determine whether the polymerase has incorporated the nucleotide onto the target polynucleotide; (iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii) with additional nucleotides, to thereby identify the sequence of the target polynucleotide.

Abstract: The sequence of a target polynucleotide can be determined by: (i) contacting the target polynucleotide with a polymerase enzyme and one of the nucleotides A, T(U), G and C under conditions suitable for the polymerase reaction to proceed; (ii) measuring the time taken for the polymerase to bind to and subsequently dissociate from the target polynucleotide, to thereby determine whether the polymerase has incorporated the nucleotide onto the target polynucleotide; (iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii) with additional nucleotides, to thereby identify the sequence of the target polynucleotide.

Abstract: The sequence of a target polynucleotide can be determined by: (i) contacting the target polynucleotide with a polymerase enzyme and one of the nucleotides A, T(U), G, and C under conditions suitable for the polymerase reaction to proceed; (ii) measuring the time taken for the polymerase to bind to and subsequently dissociate from the target polynucleotide, to thereby determine whether the polymerase has incorporated the nucleotide onto the target polynucleotide; (iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii) with additional nucleotides, to thereby identify the sequence of the target polynucleotide.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for sequencing a polynucleotide, comprising the steps of: (i) reacting a target polynucleotide with a helicase/primase enzyme (which may be immobilised), under conditions suitable for enzyme activity; and (ii) detecting the interaction between the enzyme and a nucleotide on the target, by measuring radiation.

Abstract: The sequence of a target polynucleotide can be determined by: (i) contacting the target polynucleotide with a polymerase enzyme and one of the nucleotides A, T(U), G, and C under conditions suitable for the polymerase reaction to proceed; (ii) measuring the time taken for the polymerase to bind to and subsequently dissociate from the target polynucleotide, to thereby determine whether the polymerase has incorporated the nucleotide onto the target polynucleotide; (iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii) with additional nucleotides, to thereby identify the sequence of the target polynucleotide.

Abstract: The invention is a method for detecting a change in the conformational or energetic state of a molecular species, comprising the steps of: (i) immobilizing the molecular species, under conditions suitable for the reaction to occur; (ii) contacting at least part of the molecular species with a localized electromagnetic field; and (iii) detecting a change in dielectric constant during or after the reaction, to thereby detect a change in the conformational or energetic state of the molecular species.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining the sequence of a polynucleotide, the method comprising the steps of: (i) reacting a target polynucleotide with a polymerase enzyme immobilized on a solid support, and the different nucleotides, under conditions sufficient for the polymerase reaction; and (ii) detecting the incorporation of a specific nucleotide complementary to the target polynucleotide, by measuring radiation.

Abstract: A sensing element for use in a biosensor comprises a matrix of discrete particles formed from a material capable of supporting surface electromagnetic waves, the particles having a biologically active molecule bound thereto.

Abstract: A quantitative measurement of the progress of a polynucleotide amplification reaction can be made by: (i) carrying out a reaction for the amplification of a target polynucleotide; (ii) either during or after the amplification reaction contacting the amplified product with a molecule that binds to or interacts with a polynucleotide, the molecule being located in a spatially defined position or being determined via a non-linear or non-fluorescent technique; and (iii) detecting the interaction between the amplified product and the molecule by measuring changes in radiation.

Abstract: A sensing element for use in a biosensor comprises a matrix of discrete particles formed from a material capable of supporting surface electromagnetic waves, the particles having a biologically active molecule bound thereto.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for determining the sequence of a polynucleotide, the method relying on the detection of a conformational change in an enzyme that interacts with and processes along the polynucleotide. The detection of a conformational change may be carried out by measuring changes in a fluorophore bound to the enzyme.