Abstract: A surgical instrument is disclosed. The surgical instrument includes a first control circuit configured to communicate with an energy module using at least a first protocol over a first communication line and a second control circuit configured to communicate with another surgical instrument coupled to the surgical instrument using at least a second protocol over a second communication line.

Abstract: A surgical instrument is disclosed. The surgical instrument includes a first control circuit configured to communicate with an energy module using at least a first protocol over a first communication line and a second control circuit configured to communicate with another surgical instrument coupled to the surgical instrument using at least a second protocol over a second communication line.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for use in a personal area network synthesizer includes a delay cell (100), a first current amplifier (201, 203) for amplifying an input current, a resister capacitor (RC) tuning network (207, 209, 211) for varying the amount of amplification and delay of an output of the first current amplifier. A second current amplifier (213, 215) is then used for amplifying an output current from the RC tuning network. The invention includes a unique composite voltage variable capacitor (CVVC) (300) for precisely tuning the amount of delay presented by the delay cell. The unique topology of the delay cell (100) allows it to be readily used in voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) operable at frequencies above 1 GHz.

Abstract: A system for coarsely tuning at least one voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) (211) in a phase locked loop (PLL) synthesizer (200) that includes a phase-frequency detector (PFD) for determining a phase difference between a VCO frequency and a reference frequency and providing an error signal if the VCO frequency and reference frequency are at least 2&pgr; radians out of phase. A monitor (215) is then used for tracking the number of error signals produced by the PFD. The free running frequency of the VCO may be coarsely tuned in the event the monitor circuit reaches some predetermined level. The invention offers great advantage in enabling a PLL to be coarsely tuned to enable the PLL's VCO to remain with an operational range despite operational factors that effect circuit operation.

Abstract: A dynamic range on demand radio frequency (RF) receiver (300) includes a wideband detector (303), off-channel detector (313) and on-channel detector (327) supplying input to an automatic gain control (307) for adjusting a dynamic control stage to control dynamic range and resolution of digital baseband signals (329, 331).

Abstract: A dynamic range on demand radio frequency (RF) receiver (300) includes a wideband detector (303), off-channel detector (313) and on-channel detector (327) supplying input to an automatic gain control (307) for adjusting a dynamic control stage to control dynamic range and resolution of digital baseband signals (329, 331).

Abstract: A gain controllable low noise amplifier (LNA) (200) with automatic linearity enhancement utilizes an amplifier stage (203) for amplifying a radio frequency (RF) input signal and a dynamically controllable feedback loop amplifier stage (205) for providing negative feedback to the feedback amplifier. A bias controller (213) is coupled to the dynamically controllable feedback loop amplifier stage (203) for monitoring a receiver automatic gain control (AGC) system (211) and providing a dynamic bias to the feedback loop amplifier stage (205) to improve linearity to the LNA in the presence of strong on-channel and off-channel signal conditions.

Abstract: The invention produces an accurate quadrature relationship for a range of frequencies using passive components in the primary quadrature splitting circuits. A reference oscillator (202) generates a reference signal which is fed to a conventional passive quadrature splitter circuit (204). However, since the reference circuit provides signals over a range of frequencies, the output signals of the passive quadrature splitter may not have an accurate quadrature relationship. The output signals of the passive quadrature splitter are then equalized in magnitude, and the sum and difference of the signals are produced, which will be in an accurate quadrature relationship.

Abstract: A wideband phase-lock loop frequency synthesizer (200) used in a radio transceiver capable of being reconfigured to operate in either a transmit, receive, or battery save mode. The wideband phase-lock loop frequency synthesizer (200) includes, a divide-by-two divider (205), quadrature detector (204), offset VCO (209) and offset mixer (207) for generating a quadrature phase modulated signal. Moreover, a programmable filter (211) is used for removing predetermined harmonic components of the offset mixed signal enabling the synthesizer to operate over a wide frequency range.

Abstract: A wideband fully integrated two-way radio transmitter (100) includes a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) (101) for providing a voltage at a radio frequency. A divider (103) is used reducing the radio frequency (RF) signal from the VCO to a an intermediate frequency. A voltage-to-current converter is used for changing the voltage of the intermediate frequency RF signal to an RF current. A transmit buffer is then used for amplifying the RF current supplied by the voltage-to-current converter for amplification by a power amplifier. The fully integrated current mode transmit buffer offers the advantage of amplification over a large bandwidth while providing isolation between the transmit buffer and the VCO.