Abstract: A drip emitter for subsurface irrigation includes a valve chamber defining a hollow interior, an entry port and at least one exit port. A flexible diaphragm is mounted in the hollow interior of the valve chamber for movement in response to pressurized water being supplied to the hollow interior through the entry port. The drip emitter further includes a tortuous path water flow channel that limits the flow of water from the hollow interior of the valve chamber to the at least one exit port. A closure member is moved by the flexible diaphragm to open the at least one exit port when pressurized water enters the hollow interior to allow water to be discharged through the at least one exit port. A spring moves the closure member to close the at least one exit port when the supply of pressurized water is shut OFF.

Abstract: A drip emitter for subsurface irrigation includes a valve chamber defining a hollow interior, an entry port and at least one exit port. A flexible diaphragm is mounted in the hollow interior of the valve chamber for movement in response to pressurized water being supplied to the hollow interior through the entry port. The drip emitter further includes a tortuous path water flow channel that limits the flow of water from the hollow interior of the valve chamber to the at least one exit port. A closure member is moved by the flexible diaphragm to open the at least one exit port when pressurized water enters the hollow interior to allow water to be discharged through the at least one exit port. A spring moves the closure member to close the at least one exit port when the supply of pressurized water is shut OFF.

Abstract: An irrigation sprinkler includes a riser and a nozzle rotatably mounted at an upper end of the riser. A gear train reduction is mounted in the riser and a turbine is coupled to the gear train reduction for rotation by water entering a lower end of the riser. A gear driven coupling mechanism mounted in the riser couples the gear train reduction and the nozzle. A pressure regulator is mounted in the riser and is adjustable from a top-side of the sprinkler.

Abstract: An irrigation sprinkler includes an outer case and a riser extensible from the outer case by water pressure and normally in a retracted position. A nozzle is rotatably mounted at an upper end of the riser. A turbine is mounted in the riser for rotation by water entering a lower end of the riser. A gear train reduction is mounted in the riser. A gear driven coupling mechanism mounted in the riser couples the gear train reduction and the nozzle. A pressure regulator valve is located inside a nozzle turret of the sprinkler and includes a valve member that is pivotably mounted between the gear train reduction and the nozzle.

Abstract: A sprinkler has a hollow outer case and a riser vertically reciprocable within the outer case through an upper end thereof. A nozzle is mounted at an upper end of the riser. A body cap fits over the upper end of the outer case and retains the riser. The body cap has a plurality of circumferentially spaced vertical ribs that connect a reduced diameter upper portion of the body cap with an enlarged lower portion of the body cap. An elastomeric cover extends over at least the reduced diameter upper portion of the body cap and at least a portion of the ribs.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes a nozzle and a cover configured for enclosing the nozzle. A hydraulically actuated mechanism supports the cover above the nozzle for reciprocation relative to the nozzle between a lower closed position and a raised open position.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes a stream nozzle with a plurality of circumferentially spaced, radially extending stream forming ports. A non-rotating arc adjustment sleeve is mounted for axial movement relative to the stream nozzle to selectively block the stream forming ports to vary an arc of coverage of a plurality of streams of water ejected from the stream forming ports.

Abstract: An irrigation sprinkler includes an outer case and a riser extensible from the outer case by water pressure and normally in a retracted position. A nozzle is rotatably mounted at an upper end of the riser. A turbine is mounted in the riser for rotation by water entering a lower end of the riser. A gear train reduction is mounted in the riser. A gear driven coupling mechanism mounted in the riser couples the gear train reduction and the nozzle. A pressure regulator valve is located inside a nozzle turret of the sprinkler and includes a valve member that is pivotably mounted between the gear train reduction and the nozzle.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes a nozzle and a cover configured for enclosing the nozzle. A hydraulically actuated mechanism supports the cover above the nozzle for reciprocation relative to the nozzle between a lower closed position and a raised open position.

Abstract: A hydroforming apparatus includes upper and lower platens that are connected together by tie rods extending through respective compression tubes. An upper die section is carried on the upper platen by a generally C-shaped suspension arm, while a lower die section is carried on the lower platen. The upper and lower die sections have recessed areas formed therein that define a die cavity. Lift assemblies are provided on the lateral ends of the hydroforming apparatus for selectively elevating the lower die section upwardly into engagement with the upper die section. When the lower die section is elevated by the lift assemblies, a workpiece is enclosed within the die cavity. A bolster is then moved between the hydroforming die and the lower platen. A cylinder array containing a plurality of pistons is next hydraulically actuated so as to securely clamp the hydroforming die between the cylinder array and the lower platen.

Abstract: A hydroforming apparatus includes upper and lower platens that are connected together by tie rods extending through respective compression tubes. An upper die section is carried on the upper platen by a generally C-shaped suspension arm, while a lower die section is carried on the lower platen. The upper and lower die sections have recessed areas formed therein that define a die cavity. Lift assemblies are provided on the lateral ends of the hydroforming apparatus for selectively elevating the lower die section upwardly into engagement with the upper die section. When the lower die section is elevated by the lift assemblies, a workpiece is enclosed within the die cavity. A bolster is then moved between the hydroforming die and the lower platen. A cylinder array containing a plurality of pistons is next hydraulically actuated so as to securely clamp the hydroforming die between the cylinder array and the lower platen.

Abstract: An integral structural element particularly well suited as a component of a body-in-white comprises an elongated hollow member with a first end and a second end opposite thereto. A first region, a second region, and a third region extend between a first end and a second end of the hollow member. A first flange extends substantially the length of the elongated hollow member. A second flange extends substantially the length of the elongated hollow member's first region. A first socket or connecting structure is adapted to receive therein a roof header and is disposed on the elongated hollow member between the first region and the second region. A second socket is adapted to receive therein a B-post disposed on the elongated hollow member between the second region and the third region. This integral structural element is a component of a motor vehicle's body-in-white.

Abstract: A method of gripping a metal tubular member during a forming operation to resist damage to the gripped ends and reduce scrap, includes providing an outer tool having a recess structured to receive an end of the tubular member, inserting a resilient mandrel into the end of the tubular member and inserting the tubular member end into the recess. A compressive force is applied to the resilient member in a direction aligned generally axially of the tubular member to establish transverse expansion of the resilient member in order to clamp the tubular member end between the mandrel and the outer tool recess. The tube may be stretched beyond the yield point and formed while so clamped, after which the compressive force is removed so as to facilitate withdrawal of the formed tube. In one embodiment, the mandrel may consist of a composite which may have a lower durometer hardness inner portion and higher durometer hardness outer portions.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for forming an elongated workpiece are provided. In a first embodiment, a press has a ram and movable upper platen to which is secured a first die. Upper guide members are provided on the upper platen for movement of slide members on each responsive to movement of the platen. Lower guide elements, which cooperate in a telescoping manner with upper guide members, are secured to a lower platen. The first die cooperates with a pair of rotatable second die members which are provided with each being rotatable responsive to movement of a slide member. In a preferred embodiment, the upper guide members secured to the platens are in relative sliding contact and links connect the slide members with the rotatable second dies. In a preferred embodiment, the elongated metal workpiece may be formed by bending under the influence of the forces applied to the first die and second die members through the upper platen by the press ram.

Abstract: A method of quenching a metal object having steps of: (a) providing a liquid coolant having a temperature from about 100.degree. F. to about 180.degree. F. and containing about 0.01 to about 0.1 standard cubic feet of carbon dioxide gas per gallon of water dissolved therein; and (b) spraying the liquid coolant on the metal object to quench the metal object.

Abstract: A method of quenching a metal object comprising: (a) providing a reservoir of liquid coolant containing gas that has been dissolved therein; and (b) immersing the metal object in the reservoir to quench the metal. The gas is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and carbon dioxide and is preferably carbon dioxide. The gas is preferably maintained within the range of 0.001 to 0.2 standard cubic feet of gas per gallon of coolant. The liquid coolant is preferably water. In a preferred embodiment, the reservoir of liquid coolant is open to ambient pressure and temperature.