Abstract: Proposed is a self-optimizing, adaptive industrial chocolate production system (1), and method thereof. The system comprising a chocolate mass processing line (11) with at least dosing means (2), one or more mixers (3), one or more refiners (4), one or more conches (5), and liquefying and tempering means (6). Appropriate inter-dependent operational parameters of the various devices (2/3/4/5/6) are measured by real-time measuring devices and transmitted to a controller device 12. The measured inter-dependent operational parameters are mutually optimized and dynamically adjusted providing an optimal operation at least in terms of the characteristics of the end chocolate mass 7 and/or throughputs of the chocolate production line 11 and/or other operation conditions as energy consumption.

Abstract: A resistive metal oxide gas sensor comprises a support structure and a porous sensing layer (1) arranged on the support structure or partly housed therein. Electrodes (2) are in electrical communication with the porous sensing layer (1), and a heater (3) is in thermal communication with the porous sensing layer (1). The heater (3) can be operated to heat the porous sensing layer (1) to a target temperature for allowing a determination of the presence or the concentration of a target gas, i.e., ozone, based on a sensing signal supplied via the electrodes (2). The porous sensing layer (1) comprises a network of interconnected monocrystalline metal oxide nanoparticles (14) and a gas-selective coating (12) of the network. A thickness (t1) of the porous sensing layer (1) is at most 10 pm. The coating (12) comprises one or more of silicon oxide and silicon nitride, and is of a thickness (t12) of less than 5 nm.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensing element of a material including metal oxide and is sensitive to a target gas and to a recalibration gas different from the target gas. For recalibrating the gas sensor, a resistance of the sensing element is measured as an updated recalibration gas baseline resistance in a recalibration environment showing a recalibration gas baseline concentration.

Abstract: Proposed is a self-optimizing, adaptive industrial chocolate production system (1), and method thereof. The system comprising a chocolate mass processing line (11) with at least dosing means (2), one or more mixers (3), one or more refiners (4), one or more conches (5), and liquefying and tempering means (6). Appropriate inter-dependent operational parameters of the various devices (2/3/4/5/6) are measured by real-time measuring devices and transmitted to a controller device 12. The measured inter-dependent operational parameters are mutually optimized and dynamically adjusted providing an optimal operation at least in terms of the characteristics of the end chocolate mass 7 and/or throughputs of the chocolate production line 11 and/or other operation conditions as energy consumption.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensing element of a material including metal oxide and is sensitive to a target gas and to a recalibration gas different from the target gas. For recalibrating the gas sensor, a resistance of the sensing element is measured as an updated recalibration gas baseline resistance in a recalibration environment showing a recalibration gas baseline concentration.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a sensor for measuring a gas concentration of a target gas in a sample of ambient air. The sensor comprises a first gas sensitive component comprising a first gas sensitive layer being arranged between a first pair of measuring electrodes, a second gas sensitive component comprising a second gas sensitive layer being arranged between a second pair of measuring electrodes and one or more heating elements to heat the first gas sensitive layer and the second gas sensitive layer. The first gas sensitive layer and the second gas sensitive layer comprise a metal oxide semiconductor. The first gas sensitive component is configured to measure the gas concentration of the target gas in a first concentration band and the second gas sensitive component is configured to measure the gas concentration of the target gas in a second concentration band.