Abstract: The present disclosure relates to materials and methods for evaluation of transplant rejection in a subject. In particular. provided herein are synthetic scaffolds and methods of use thereof for early diagnosis of transplant rejection in a subject.

Abstract: Various techniques for providing perspective annotation to numerical representations are disclosed herein. For example, a method includes detecting a numerical representation in an original content and retrieving one or more perspectives from a database based on the detected numerical representation. The one or more perspectives individually include a restatement of information contained in the numerical representation. The method can also include annotating the original content with the retrieved one or more perspectives to form an annotated content.

Abstract: Techniques described herein relate to generating graph-oriented data structures based on cross-channel multi-user transaction and/or interaction data from one or more data sources, Additional techniques relate to analyzing and processing transactions using the graph-oriented data structures. Transaction data may be received from various data sources, and analyzed to determine subsets of the transaction data relating to interactions between specific pairs of users. Graph-oriented data structures may be generated based on the subsets of transaction data relating to the specific pairs of users, and may be used to analyze and process transaction requests.

Abstract: Various techniques for providing perspective annotation to numerical representations are disclosed herein. For example, a method includes detecting a numerical representation in an original content and retrieving one or more perspectives from a database based on the detected numerical representation. The one or more perspectives individually include a restatement of information contained in the numerical representation. The method can also include annotating the original content with the retrieved one or more perspectives to form an annotated content.

Abstract: Various techniques for providing perspective annotation to numerical representations are disclosed herein. For example, a method includes detecting a numerical representation in an original content and retrieving one or more perspectives from a database based on the detected numerical representation. The one or more perspectives individually include a restatement of information contained in the numerical representation. The method can also include annotating the original content with the retrieved one or more perspectives to form an annotated content.

Abstract: Techniques described herein relate to generating graph-oriented data structures based on cross-channel multi-user transaction and/or interaction data from one or more data sources, Additional techniques relate to analyzing and processing transactions using the graph-oriented data structures. Transaction data may be received from various data sources, and analyzed to determine subsets of the transaction data relating to interactions between specific pairs of users. Graph-oriented data structures may be generated based on the subsets of transaction data relating to the specific pairs of users, and may be used to analyze and process transaction requests.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for providing secure transaction functionality using a centralized digital gateway configured to process transactions of various types, using different transaction processing entities, within a single processing flow. The digital gateway may implement rules and logic to optimize transaction processing costs. Additionally, transaction authorization, various types of transaction analyses, and transaction processing and dispatch processes may be performed in parallel, as directed by the implemented rules and logic, in order to optimize transaction processing costs and processing speeds. Further, digital gateway may be configured to normalize transaction request data across different transaction types, allowing the transaction request data to be transmitted in a uniform manner to related back-end systems, partner systems, and transaction processors.

Abstract: The amount of time that a web page is displayed by a browser is tracked. The amount that is charged to a content provider, whose content item is contained within the web page, is determined based on this amount of time. One way of tracking this amount of time is by tracking the amount of time that passes in between the moment that the web page is loaded by the web browser and the moment in which the web page goes out of focus. If the web page is displayed for less than a specified minimum amount of time during a first session, then the content item is displayed again during a second session. Once the content item has been displayed for a specified maximum amount of time, the content item is replaced with another content item on the web page.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in a lumen is provided, including a light source, configured to illuminate a vicinity of an object of interest of a wall of the lumen, and an optical system (20), which is configured to generate a plurality of images of the vicinity. The apparatus further includes a control unit, which configured to measure a first brightness of a portion of a first one of the plurality of images generated while the optical system (20) is positioned at a first position with respect to the vicinity, measure a second brightness of a portion of a second one of the plurality of images generated while the optical system (20) is positioned at a second position with respect to the vicinity, the second position different from the first position, wherein the portion of the second one of the images generally corresponds to the portion of the first one of the images, and calculate a distance to the vicinity, responsively to the first and second brightnesses. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A tongue cleaner tool comprises a handle with an actuator therein and a rotatable roller or brush near one end of the handle that is driven by the actuator. The rotatable brush has soft protrusions, as knobs or bristles, to gently massage and clean the tongue as the brush is rotated inside a user's mouth and in contact with the surface of the tongue. The brush roller can have its axis normal to the length of the handle or parallel with it. Liquid, as water or mouthwash, is advantageously provided in a reservoir in the handle or in the roller, to be dispensed onto the tongue through the handle or via the roller directly. One or more rollers can be used, and a shield can be provided over part of each roller to direct the liquid and to protect other parts of the mouth of the user.

Abstract: Various techniques for providing perspective annotation to numerical representations are disclosed herein. For example, a method includes detecting a numerical representation in an original content and retrieving one or more perspectives from a database based on the detected numerical representation. The one or more perspectives individually include a restatement of information contained in the numerical representation. The method can also include annotating the original content with the retrieved one or more perspectives to form an annotated content.

Abstract: The amount of time that an advertisement-presenting web page is displayed by a browser is tracked. The amount of money that is charged to an advertiser, whose advertisement is contained within the web page, is determined based on this amount of time. One way of tracking this amount of time is by tracking the amount of time that passes in between the moment that the web page is loaded by the web browser and the moment in which the web page goes out of focus. If the web page is displayed for less than a specified minimum amount of time during a first session, then the advertisement is displayed again during a second session. Once the advertisement has been displayed for a specified maximum amount of time, the advertisement is replaced with another advertisement on the web page.

Abstract: A system and method which allow estimation of the value of display advertising are disclosed. Access is provided to a simulated web browsing experience to a plurality of users on a browser on the users' computers. The users have agreed to act as test subjects in exchange for financial compensation. At least one web page comprising a randomly selected article and at least one advertisement is presented to the users. After a predetermined duration, a questionnaire including questions relating to the at least one advertisement is presented to the users. The users are provided with financial compensation for answering the questions.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in a lumen is provided, including a light source, configured to illuminate a vicinity of an object of interest of a wall of the lumen, and an optical system (20), which is configured to generate a plurality of images of the vicinity. The apparatus further includes a control unit, which configured to measure a first brightness of a portion of a first one of the plurality of images generated while the optical system (20) is positioned at a first position with respect to the vicinity, measure a second brightness of a portion of a second one of the plurality of images generated while the optical system (20) is positioned at a second position with respect to the vicinity, the second position different from the first position, wherein the portion of the second one of the images generally corresponds to the portion of the first one of the images, and calculate a distance to the vicinity, responsively to the first and second brightnesses. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided including a filter (30) configured for placement into a body of a patient, in a vicinity of a site including cancerous tissue (28). The filter (30) comprises an attachment surface (34) configured to capture particles (26) administered to treat the tissue (28). Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus (30) for drug administration is provided, including an ingestible capsule (32), which includes a drug (36), stored by the capsule (32), and an environmentally-sensitive mechanism (18), adapted to change a state thereof responsively to a disposition of the capsule (32) within a gastrointestinal (GI) tract (50) of a subject. The capsule (32) further includes first and second electrodes (16), and a control component (14), adapted to facilitate passage of the drug (36), in response to a change of state of the environmentally-sensitive mechanism (18), through an epithelial layer of the GI tract (50) by driving the first and second electrodes (16) to apply a series of pulses at a current of less than about 10 mA, at a frequency of between about 12 Hz and about 24 Hz, and with a pulse duration of between about 0.5 milliseconds and about 3 milliseconds. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A method is provided for automatically producing a schedule of classes for an educational institution having a plurality of teachers, a plurality of students, and a curriculum. The method preferably includes receiving designations of a plurality of curriculum modules of the curriculum, each curriculum module including educational material, one or more of the curriculum modules being prerequisite modules for one or more subsequent modules. The method also preferably includes receiving, as an input into a computer system, curriculum information comprising an indication of which of the modules are prerequisite modules for subsequent modules. An input into the computer system includes student information comprising, for one or more of the plurality of students, an indication of his level of competence with respect to the educational material of one or more modules.

Abstract: A body movement assessment device for measuring a position of a center of gravity of a person at a plurality of time intervals relative to a recordable event, such as ball impact in a golf swing, and displaying those measurements for analysis. The body movement assessment device is useful in analyzing the tempo of body movement of a person, the consistency of body movement over two or more repetitions of a movement, the weight shift and postures of the person, and balance of the person. The body movement assessment device may include a visual recording device that enables a visual image of the person to be recorded and replayed together with other analytical information for increased analysis and understanding by the person. In at least one embodiment, the body movement assessment device may be configured to analyze a golf swing.

Abstract: A method is provided for facilitating treatment of a patient, including stressing a portion of the patient to an extent sufficient to induce homing of progenitor cells to the portion of the patient. A method is additionally provided for use with tissue of a patient, including evaluating an indication of a level of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in the tissue, and determining an indication of a number of stem cells in the tissue responsive to the indication of the level of SDF-1. A method is yet additionally provided for use with tissue of a patient, including evaluating an indication of a level of SDF-1 in the tissue, and determining an indication of a level of stress of a portion of the patient, responsive to the indication of the level of SDF-1. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus for drug administration is provided, including an ingestible capsule, which includes a drug, stored by the capsule, and an environmentally-sensitive mechanism, adapted to change a state thereof responsively to a disposition of the capsule within a gastrointestinal (GI) tract of a subject. The capsule further includes first and second electrodes, and a control component, adapted to facilitate passage of the drug, in response to a change of state of the environmentally-sensitive mechanism, through an epithelial layer of the GI tract by driving the first and second electrodes to apply a series of pulses at a current of less than about 5 mA, at a frequency of between about 12 Hz and about 24 Hz, and with a pulse duration of between about 0.5 milliseconds and about 3 milliseconds.