Abstract: Systems and methods of the present disclosure are directed to a method for machine-learned code segment prediction for optimizing software development. The method includes obtaining an incomplete segment of code. The method includes processing the incomplete segment of code with a machine-learned code prediction model to obtain a sampled set of segment completion predictions that include code that completes the incomplete segment of code. The method includes determining an aggregated segment completion prediction from the sampled set of segment completion predictions. The method includes replacing a portion of the aggregated segment completion prediction with an input field, wherein the portion of the aggregated segment completion prediction is associated with a degree of certainty less than a threshold degree of certainty.

Abstract: A system comprising (i) a vehicular compression ignition engine comprising one or more engine cylinders and one or more electronically-controlled fuel injectors therefor; (ii) an exhaust line for the engine comprising: a first emissions control device comprising a first honeycomb substrate, which comprises a hydrocarbon adsorbent component; and a second emissions control device comprising an electrically heatable element and a catalysed second honeycomb substrate, which comprises a rhodium-free platinum group metal comprising platinum, wherein the electrically heatable element is disposed upstream from the catalysed second honeycomb substrate and wherein both the electrically heatable element and the catalysed second honeycomb substrate are disposed downstream from the first honeycomb substrate; a third emissions control device, which is a third honeycomb substrate comprising an ammonia-selective catalytic reduction catalyst disposed downstream from the second emissions control device; and one or more tempera

Abstract: A system (2) comprising (i) a vehicular compression ignition engine (1) comprising one or more engine cylinders and one or more electronically-controlled fuel injectors therefor; (ii) an exhaust line (3) for the engine comprising: a first emissions control device (5) comprising a first honeycomb substrate, which comprises a hydrocarbon adsorbent component; and a second emissions control device (7) comprising an electrically heatable element (7a) and a catalysed second honeycomb substrate (7b), which comprises a rhodium-free platinum group metal (PGM) comprising platinum, wherein the electrically heatable element (7a) is disposed upstream from the catalysed second honeycomb substrate (7b) and wherein both the electrically heatable element (7a) and the catalysed second honeycomb substrate (7b) are disposed downstream from the first honeycomb substrate; a third emissions control device (22), which is a third honeycomb substrate comprising an ammonia-selective catalytic reduction catalyst disposed downstream from

Abstract: A system (2) comprising (i) a vehicular compression ignition engine (1) comprising one or more engine cylinders and one or more electronically-controlled fuel injectors therefor; (ii) an exhaust line (3) for the engine comprising: a first emissions control device (5) comprising a first honeycomb substrate, which comprises a hydrocarbon adsorbent component; and a second emissions control device (7) comprising an electrically heatable element (7a) and a catalysed second honeycomb substrate (7b), which comprises a rhodium-free platinum group metal (PGM) comprising platinum, wherein the electrically heatable element (7a) is disposed upstream from the catalysed second honeycomb substrate (7b) and wherein both the electrically heatable element (7a) and the catalysed second honeycomb substrate (7b) are disposed downstream from the first honeycomb substrate; a third emissions control device (22), which is a third honeycomb substrate comprising an ammonia-selective catalytic reduction catalyst disposed downstream from

Abstract: An exhaust system comprising: a NOx storage catalyst; an electric heating element; and a NOx reduction catalyst wherein the heating element is located downstream of the NOx storage catalyst.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst composition for producing a stable ratio of NO2 to NO in an exhaust system of a compression ignition engine is described. The method comprises: (i) preparing a first composition comprising a platinum (Pt) compound disposed or supported on a support material; (ii) preparing a second composition by reducing the platinum (Pt) compound to platinum (Pt) with a reducing agent; and (iii) heating the second composition to at least 650° C.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component; and a substrate, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component, the alkaline earth metal component and the support material are disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component; and a substrate, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component, the alkaline earth metal component and the support material are disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component; and a substrate, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component, the alkaline earth metal component and the support material are disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas produced by a compression ignition engine comprising: a substrate; a catalytic material disposed on the substrate, wherein the catalytic material comprises platinum (Pt); and a region comprising a capture material, wherein the region is arranged to contact the exhaust gas after the exhaust gas has contacted and/or passed through the catalytic material.

Abstract: An exhaust system comprising: a NOx storage catalyst; an electric heating element; and a NOx reduction catalyst wherein the heating element is located downstream of the NOx storage catalyst.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine, which oxidation catalyst comprises: a first washcoat region comprising platinum (Pt) and a first support material, wherein the first washcoat region is substantially free of a hydrocarbon adsorbent; a second washcoat region comprising platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and a second support material, wherein the second washcoat region has a ratio by mass of platinum (Pt) to palladium (Pd) of 4:1 to 1:1; a hydrocarbon adsorbent; and a substrate; wherein the first washcoat region is arranged to contact inlet exhaust gas before the hydrocarbon adsorbent, and the first washcoat region is arranged to contact inlet exhaust gas before the second washcoat region.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component; and a substrate, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component, the alkaline earth metal component and the support material are disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component; and a substrate, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component, the alkaline earth metal component and the support material are disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: An on-board diagnostics system for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The system comprises a catalyzed substrate having a catalyzed region and an uncatalyzed region, a first sensor, and a second sensor. The first sensor is located within the catalyzed region of the catalyzed substrate and the second sensor is located within the uncatalyzed region of the catalyzed substrate. A method for on-board diagnostics of the catalyzed substrate is also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyzed soot filter comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine disposed on a filtering substrate, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst composition for producing a stable ratio of NO2 to NO in an exhaust system of a compression ignition engine is described. The method comprises: (i) preparing a first composition comprising a platinum (Pt) compound disposed or supported on a support material; (ii) preparing a second composition by reducing the platinum (Pt) compound to platinum (Pt) with a reducing agent; and (iii) heating the second composition to at least 650° C.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas produced by a compression ignition engine comprising: a substrate; a catalytic material disposed on the substrate, wherein the catalytic material comprises platinum (Pt); and a region comprising a capture material, wherein the region is arranged to contact the exhaust gas after the exhaust gas has contacted and/or passed through the catalytic material.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine, which oxidation catalyst comprises: a first washcoat region comprising platinum (Pt) and a first support material, wherein the first washcoat region is substantially free of a hydrocarbon adsorbent; a second washcoat region comprising platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and a second support material, wherein the second washcoat region has a ratio by mass of platinum (Pt) to palladium (Pd) of 4:1 to 1:1; a hydrocarbon adsorbent; and a substrate; wherein the first washcoat region is arranged to contact inlet exhaust gas before the hydrocarbon adsorbent, and the first washcoat region is arranged to contact inlet exhaust gas before the second washcoat region.

Abstract: A catalysed soot filter comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine disposed on a filtering substrate, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component.