Abstract: Dental devices are described that include isolated, non-pathogenic, hydrogen peroxide-producing bacterial strains and genetically engineered LDH-deficient bacterial strains, which can be used to whiten teeth and treat periodontal disease.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions that include isolated, non-pathogenic, hydrogen peroxide-producing bacterial strains and genetically engineered LDH-deficient bacterial strains, which can be used to whiten teeth and treat periodontal disease.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for whitening teeth of a subject comprising administering one or more isolated, non-pathogenic, hydrogen peroxide-producing bacterial strains to an oral cavity of a subject.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for regulating weight and size in animals.

Abstract: A memory device for storing data is disclosed. The memory device comprises a plurality of memory banks, wherein each memory bank comprises a plurality of addressable memory cells. The memory device also comprises a plurality of pipelines each comprising a plurality of pipestages, wherein each pipeline is associated with a respective one of the plurality of memory banks. Further, the device comprises a plurality of cache memories, wherein each cache memory is associated with a respective one of the plurality of memory banks and a respective one of the plurality of pipelines, and wherein each cache memory is operable for storing a second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses, and wherein further each data word of said second plurality of data words is either awaiting write verification associated with a given segment of an associated memory bank or is to be re-written into a given segment of said associated memory bank.

Abstract: A memory device for storing data is disclosed. The memory device comprises a memory bank comprising a memory array of addressable memory cells and a pipeline configured to process read and write operations addressed to the memory bank. Further, the memory device comprises an x decoder circuit coupled to the memory array for decoding an x portion of a memory address for the memory array and a y multiplexer circuit coupled to the memory array and operable to simultaneously multiplex across the memory array based on two y portions of memory addresses and, based thereon with the x portion, for simultaneously writing a value and reading a value associated with two separate memory cells of the memory array, wherein the x decoder and the y multiplexer are implemented to provide a read port and a write port which are operable to simultaneously operate with respect to the memory array.

Abstract: A memory pipeline for performing a write operation in a memory device is disclosed. The memory pipeline comprises an input register operable to receive a first data word and an associated address to be written into a memory bank. The memory pipeline also comprises a pre-read register of the first pipe-stage coupled to the input register and operable to receive the first data word and the associated address from the input register and further operable to pre-read a second data word stored in the memory bank at the associated address. Finally, the memory pipeline comprises a write register of the second pipe-stage operable to receive the first data word, the associated address and mask bits from the pre-read register, wherein the write register is further operable to use information from the mask bits to write the first data word into the memory bank by changing those bits in the first data word that differ from the second data word.

Abstract: A method of writing data into a memory device is disclosed. The method comprises utilizing a pipeline to process write operations of a first plurality of data words addressed to a memory bank. Further, the method comprises writing a second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses into a cache memory, wherein the cache memory is associated with the memory bank and wherein further each data word of the second plurality of data words is either awaiting write verification associated with the memory bank or is to be re-written into the memory bank. The method also comprises detecting a power down signal and responsive to the power down signal, transferring the second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses from the cache memory into a secure memory storage area reserved in the memory bank. Finally, the method comprises powering down the memory device.

Abstract: A method of writing data into a memory device is disclosed. The method comprises utilizing a pipeline to process write operations of a first plurality of data words addressed to a memory bank. Further, the method comprises writing a second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses into a cache memory, wherein the cache memory is associated with the memory bank and wherein further each data word of the second plurality of data words is either awaiting write verification associated with the memory bank or is to be re-written into the memory bank. The method also comprises detecting a power down signal and responsive to the power down signal, and before the memory device is powered down, processing data words of the second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses through the pipeline to write data into the memory bank. Finally, the method comprises powering down the memory device.

Abstract: A method of writing data into a memory device is disclosed. The method comprises utilizing a pipeline to process write operations of a first plurality of data words addressed to a memory bank. The method further comprises writing a second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses into a cache memory, and wherein each data word of the second plurality of data words is associated with a pending operation. Additionally, the method comprises detecting a power up signal and responsive to the power up signal, transferring the second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses from the secure memory storage area to the cache memory. Finally, responsive to the transferring, and before the memory device is powered up, the method comprises processing the second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses from the cache memory to the pipeline for writing data to the memory bank during power up.

Abstract: A memory device for storing data is disclosed. The memory device comprises a memory bank comprising a plurality of addressable memory cells configured in a plurality of segments wherein each segment contains N rows per segment, wherein the memory bank comprises a total of B entries, and wherein the memory cells are characterized by having a prescribed word error rate, E. Further, the device comprises a pipeline comprising M pipestages and configured to process write operations of a plurality of data words addressed to a given segment of the memory bank. The device also comprises a cache memory comprising Y number of entries, the cache memory associated with the given segment of the memory bank, and wherein the Y number of entries is based on the M, the N and the prescribed word error rate, E, to prevent overflow of the cache memory.

Abstract: A memory pipeline for performing a write operation in a memory device is disclosed. The memory pipeline comprises an input register operable to receive a first data word and an associated address to be written into a memory bank. The pipeline also comprises a first write register of a first pipe-stage coupled to the input register and operable to receive the first data word and the associated address from the input register, wherein the first write register is further operable to perform a first attempt at writing said data word into the memory bank. Further, the pipeline comprises a second write register of the second pipe-stage coupled to the first write register and operable to receive the first data word and the associated address from the first write register, wherein the second write register is further operable to perform a second attempt at writing the first data word into the memory bank at the location corresponding to the associated address.

Abstract: A memory device for storing data is disclosed. The memory device comprises a memory bank comprising a plurality of addressable memory cells configured in a plurality of segments wherein each segment contains N rows per segment, wherein the memory bank comprises a total of B entries, and wherein the memory cells are characterized by having a prescribed word error rate, E. Further, the device comprises a pipeline comprising M pipestages and configured to process write operations of a plurality of data words addressed to a given segment of the memory bank. The device also comprises a cache memory comprising Y number of entries, the cache memory associated with the given segment of the memory bank, and wherein the Y number of entries is based on the M, the N and the prescribed word error rate, E, to prevent overflow of the cache memory.

Abstract: A memory pipeline for performing a write operation in a memory device is disclosed. The memory pipeline comprises an input register operable to receive a first data word and an associated address to be written into a memory bank. The memory pipeline also comprises a pre-read register of the first pipe-stage coupled to the input register and operable to receive the first data word and the associated address from the input register and further operable to pre-read a second data word stored in the memory bank at the associated address. Finally, the memory pipeline comprises a write register of the second pipe-stage operable to receive the first data word, the associated address and mask bits from the pre-read register, wherein the write register is further operable to use information from the mask bits to write the first data word into the memory bank by changing those bits in the first data word that differ from the second data word.

Abstract: A method of writing data into a memory device is disclosed. The method comprises utilizing a pipeline to process write operations of a first plurality of data words addressed to a memory bank. Further, the method comprises writing a second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses into a cache memory, wherein the cache memory is associated with the memory bank and wherein further each data word of the second plurality of data words is either awaiting write verification associated with the memory bank or is to be re-written into the memory bank. The method also comprises detecting a power down signal and responsive to the power down signal, transferring the second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses from the cache memory into a secure memory storage area reserved in the memory bank. Finally, the method comprises powering down the memory device.

Abstract: A memory pipeline for performing a write operation in a memory device is disclosed. The memory pipeline comprises an input register operable to receive a first data word and an associated address to be written into a memory bank. The pipeline also comprises a first write register of a first pipe-stage coupled to the input register and operable to receive the first data word and the associated address from the input register, wherein the first write register is further operable to perform a first attempt at writing said data word into the memory bank. Further, the pipeline comprises a second write register of the second pipe-stage coupled to the first write register and operable to receive the first data word and the associated address from the first write register, wherein the second write register is further operable to perform a second attempt at writing the first data word into the memory bank at the location corresponding to the associated address.

Abstract: A method of writing data into a memory device is disclosed. The method comprises utilizing a pipeline to process write operations of a first plurality of data words addressed to a memory bank. The method further comprises writing a second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses into a cache memory, and wherein each data word of the second plurality of data words is associated with a pending operation. Additionally, the method comprises detecting a power up signal and responsive to the power up signal, transferring the second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses from the secure memory storage area to the cache memory. Finally, responsive to the transferring, and before the memory device is powered up, the method comprises processing the second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses from the cache memory to the pipeline for writing data to the memory bank during power up.

Abstract: A memory device for storing data is disclosed. The memory device comprises a plurality of memory banks, wherein each memory bank comprises a plurality of addressable memory cells. The memory device also comprises a plurality of pipelines each comprising a plurality of pipestages, wherein each pipeline is associated with a respective one of the plurality of memory banks. Further, the device comprises a plurality of cache memories, wherein each cache memory is associated with a respective one of the plurality of memory banks and a respective one of the plurality of pipelines, and wherein each cache memory is operable for storing a second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses, and wherein further each data word of said second plurality of data words is either awaiting write verification associated with a given segment of an associated memory bank or is to be re-written into a given segment of said associated memory bank.

Abstract: A method of writing data into a memory device is disclosed. The method comprises utilizing a pipeline to process write operations of a first plurality of data words addressed to a memory bank. Further, the method comprises writing a second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses into a cache memory, wherein the cache memory is associated with the memory bank and wherein further each data word of the second plurality of data words is either awaiting write verification associated with the memory bank or is to be re-written into the memory bank. The method also comprises detecting a power down signal and responsive to the power down signal, and before the memory device is powered down, processing data words of the second plurality of data words and associated memory addresses through the pipeline to write data into the memory bank. Finally, the method comprises powering down the memory device.

Abstract: A memory device for storing data is disclosed. The memory device comprises a memory bank comprising a memory array of addressable memory cells and a pipeline configured to process read and write operations addressed to the memory bank. Further, the memory device comprises an x decoder circuit coupled to the memory array for decoding an x portion of a memory address for the memory array and a y multiplexer circuit coupled to the memory array and operable to simultaneously multiplex across the memory array based on two y portions of memory addresses and, based thereon with the x portion, for simultaneously writing a value and reading a value associated with two separate memory cells of the memory array, wherein the x decoder and the y multiplexer are implemented to provide a read port and a write port which are operable to simultaneously operate with respect to the memory array.