Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining a temperature of a motor of a vehicle having an ignition when the ignition is turned on following a period of time in which the ignition had been turned off. An amount of time for which the vehicle had been turned off is determined. A motor temperature model is run using a time step to simulate the amount of time for which the vehicle had been turned off to determine an initial value of the temperature of the motor.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and vehicles are provided pertaining to the determination of a temperature of a vehicle motor having an ignition when the ignition is turned on following a period of time in which the ignition had been turned off. A memory stores a function having a boundary condition that comprises a prior temperature from when the ignition was turned off. A processor is coupled to the memory. The processor is configured to determine an amount of time for which the ignition has been turned on and determine the temperature of the motor using the function if the amount of time for which the ignition has been turned on is less than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a power source, a motor, and a computing device. The power source provides electrical energy to the motor, and the motor generates rotational motion from the electrical energy received. The computing device is configured to estimate a temperature of the motor in real time based at least in part on a thermal model of the motor. The thermal model includes a plurality of nodes and at least one thermal resistance. Each node represents a region of the motor and each thermal resistance represents a heat transfer path between at least two of the nodes. A method includes solving one or more energy balance equations to determine a temperature change at each node and estimating the temperature of the motor in real time based at least in part on the temperature change at each node and at least one of the thermal resistances in the thermal model.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and vehicles are provided pertaining to the determination of a temperature of a vehicle motor having an ignition when the ignition is turned on following a period of time in which the ignition had been turned off. A memory stores a function having a boundary condition that comprises a prior temperature from when the ignition was turned off. A processor is coupled to the memory. The processor is configured to determine an amount of time for which the ignition has been turned on and determine the temperature of the motor using the function if the amount of time for which the ignition has been turned on is less than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining a temperature of a motor of a vehicle having an ignition when the ignition is turned on following a period of time in which the ignition had been turned off. An amount of time for which the vehicle had been turned off is determined. A motor temperature model is run using a time step to simulate the amount of time for which the vehicle had been turned off to determine an initial value of the temperature of the motor.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a power source, a motor, and a computing device. The power source provides electrical energy to the motor, and the motor generates rotational motion from the electrical energy received. The computing device is configured to estimate a temperature of the motor in real time based at least in part on a thermal model of the motor. The thermal model includes a plurality of nodes and at least one thermal resistance. Each node represents a region of the motor and each thermal resistance represents a heat transfer path between at least two of the nodes. A method includes solving one or more energy balance equations to determine a temperature change at each node and estimating the temperature of the motor in real time based at least in part on the temperature change at each node and at least one of the thermal resistances in the thermal model.

Abstract: A kit (400) for use in performing joint arthroplasty is provided. The kit (400) includes a trial (12) and a reamer (2). The reamer (2) is for preparing a cavity (4) in the intramedullary canal (8) of a long bone (8) with the use of a driver (10) and to assist in performing a trial reduction. The reamer (2) includes a first portion (14) for placement at least partially in the cavity (4) of the long bone (8) and a second portion (16) operably connected to the first portion (14). The reamer (2) is removably connected to the driver (10) to rotate the reamer (2). The trial (12) is removably attachable to the reamer (2).

Abstract: A kit (400) for use in performing joint arthroplasty is provided. The kit (400) includes a trial (12) and a reamer (2). The reamer (2) is for preparing a cavity (4) in the intramedullary canal (8) of a long bone (8) with the use of a driver (10) and to assist in performing a trial reduction. The reamer (2) includes a first portion (14) for placement at least partially in the cavity (4) of the long bone (8) and a second portion (16) operably connected to the first portion (14). The reamer (2) is removably connected to the driver (10) to rotate the reamer (2). The trial (12) is removably attachable to the reamer (2).