Abstract: A closed loop cooling system and apparatus for controlling a fluid flow rate through the closed loop cooling system, the apparatus comprising a heat exchanger coupled to at least one heat generating device for removing waste heat from the heat generating device, at least one pump for circulating the fluid, a heat rejector for receiving the fluid, at least one fan for removing waste heat from the heat rejector, at least one temperature sensor coupled to the heat generating device to measure the temperature value of the at least one heat generating device, and a controller electrically coupled to the at least one pump, the at least one fan, and the at least one temperature sensor for receiving the temperature value to selectively control the fluid flow rate and the air flow rate, based on the temperature value.

Abstract: A cholesteric display may be formed, in some embodiments, using a single display element to produce multi-colors for display. A cholesteric material may be sandwiched between a pair of substrates, each associated with pairs of opposed electrodes that are arranged in general transversely to the optical axis of incident light. The first pair of electrodes produce one of two liquid crystal states and result in the reflection of light of a particular wavelength. Light of other wavelengths may be reflected when a second pair (or set) of opposed electrodes, arranged in general transversely, also to the optical axis of incident light, are biased appropriately. So does a third pair (or set) of electrodes. A black and white color display may be generated from a single display element by modulating the pitch length of the cholesteric material within each pairs (or sets).

Abstract: A cholesteric display may be formed, in some embodiments, using a single display element to produce multi-colors for display. A cholesteric material may be sandwiched between a pair of substrates, each associated with pairs of opposed electrodes that are arranged in general transversely to the optical axis of incident light. The first pair of electrodes produce one of two liquid crystal states and result in the reflection of light of a particular wavelength. Light of other wavelengths may be reflected when a second pair (or set) of opposed electrodes, arranged in general transversely, also to the optical axis of incident light, are biased appropriately. So does a third pair (or set) of electrodes. A black and white color display may be generated from a single display element by modulating the pitch length of the cholesteric material within each pairs (or sets).

Abstract: A cholesteric display may be formed, in some embodiments, using a single display element to produce multi-colors for display. A cholesteric material may be sandwiched between a pair of substrates, each associated with pairs of opposed electrodes that are arranged in general transversely to the optical axis of incident light. The first pair of electrodes produce one of two liquid crystal states and result in the reflection of light of a particular wavelength. Light of other wavelengths may be reflected when a second pair (or set) of opposed electrodes, arranged in general transversely, also to the optical axis of incident light, are biased appropriately. So does a third pair (or set) of electrodes. A black and white color display may be generated from a single display element by modulating the pitch length of the cholesteric material within each pairs (or sets).

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for cooling heat-generating devices in a cooling system is disclosed. The apparatus includes various sensors, control schemes and thermal models, to control pump flow rates and fan flow rates to minimize power consumption, fan noise, and noise transients. The apparatus further includes at least one heat-generating device, at least one heat exchanger, and at least one heat rejector. The apparatus can also include many pumps and fans. The method includes controlling a fluid flow rate of at least one pump and an air flow rate of at least one fan, in a cooling system for cooling at least one device. The method comprises the steps of: providing at least one temperature sensor coupled to measure a temperature value of each device; receiving the temperature value from each temperature sensor; and providing a controller to selectively control the fluid flow rate and the air flow rate, based on each temperature value.

Abstract: An electroosmotic pump and method of manufacturing thereof. The pump having a porous structure adapted to pump fluid therethrough, the porous structure comprising a first side and a second side, the porous structure having a plurality of fluid channels therethrough, the first side having a first continuous layer of electrically conductive porous material deposited thereon and the second side having a second continuous layer of electrically conductive porous material deposited thereon, the first second layers coupled to a power source, wherein the power source supplies a voltage differential between the first layer and the second layer to drive fluid through the porous structure at a desired flow rate. The continuous layer of electrically conductive porous material is preferably a thin film electrode, although a multi-layered electrode, screen mesh electrode and beaded electrode are alternatively contemplated.

Abstract: An improvement to a graphics controller to prevent the contents of selected portions of the frame buffer from being read by devices external to the graphics controller. The invention defines one or more viewable rectangles in the frame buffer as a protected write-only area. Any attempt to read data from the protected area of the frame buffer triggers a security violation which can delete or destroy the contents of that area to prevent it from being read. The controller can also operate in a bypass mode in which the security functions are bypassed so the graphics controller operates in a conventional manner. A security violation may return the controller to the bypass mode. The invention can prevent protected data, such as copyrighted data downloaded over the Internet, from being copied from the frame buffer and used in an unauthorized manner.

Abstract: For one embodiment of the present invention, a processor may include one or more integrated voltage regulators powered by an external voltage regulator and generating one or more local supply voltages for the processor. The one or more local supply voltages may be set to allow one or more circuits powered by the local supply voltage(s) to meet a timing requirement. The local supply voltage(s) may be adjusted by the processor in accordance with a power management policy.

Abstract: A cholesteric display may be formed, in some embodiments, using a single display element to produce multi-colors for display. A cholesteric material may be sandwiched between a pair of substrates, each associated with pairs of opposed electrodes that are arranged in general transversely to the optical axis of incident light. The first pair of electrodes produce one of two liquid crystal states and result in the reflection of light of a particular wavelength. Light of other wavelengths may be reflected when a second pair (or set) of opposed electrodes, arranged in general transversely, also to the optical axis of incident light, are biased appropriately. So does a third pair (or set) of electrodes. A black and white color display may be generated from a single display element by modulating the pitch length of the cholesteric material within each pairs (or sets).

Abstract: An electroosmotic pump and method of manufacturing thereof. The pump having a porous structure adapted to pump fluid therethrough, the porous structure comprising a first side and a second side, the porous structure having a plurality of fluid channels therethrough, the first side having a first continuous layer of electrically conductive porous material deposited thereon and the second side having a second continuous layer of electrically conductive porous material deposited thereon, the first second layers coupled to a power source, wherein the power source supplies a voltage differential between the first layer and the second layer to drive fluid through the porous structure at a desired flow rate. The continuous layer of electrically conductive porous material is preferably a thin film electrode, although a multi-layered electrode, screen mesh electrode and beaded electrode are alternatively contemplated.

Abstract: A cholesteric display may be formed, in some embodiments, using a single display element to produce multi-colors for display. A cholesteric material may be sandwiched between a pair of substrates, each associated with pairs of opposed electrodes that are arranged in general transversely to the optical axis of incident light. The first pair of electrodes produce one of two liquid crystal states and result in the reflection of light of a particular wavelength. Light of other wavelengths may be reflected when a second pair (or set) of opposed electrodes, arranged in general transversely, also to the optical axis of incident light, are biased appropriately. So does a third pair (or set) of electrodes. A black and white color display may be generated from a single display element by modulating the pitch length of the cholesteric material within each pairs (or sets).

Abstract: For one embodiment of the present invention, a processor may include one or more integrated voltage regulators powered by an external voltage regulator and generating one or more local supply voltages for the processor. The one or more local supply voltages may be set to allow one or more circuits powered by the local supply voltage(s) to meet a timing requirement. The local supply voltage(s) may be adjusted by the processor in accordance with a power management policy.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a processor may receive a supply voltage provided by an external voltage regulator. The processor may include a voltage sensor, the output of which may be a control signal to indicate if the supply voltage is above or below a target value. This target value may be adjusted by the processor in accordance with a power management policy. The control signal may be provided to the external voltage regulator to adjust the supply voltage accordingly.

Abstract: For one embodiment of the present invention, a processor may include one or more integrated voltage regulators powered by an external voltage regulator and generating one or more local supply voltages for the processor. The one or more local supply voltages may be set to allow one or more circuits powered by the local supply voltage(s) to meet a timing requirement. The local supply voltage(s) may be adjusted by the processor in accordance with a power management policy.

Abstract: A power management apparatus includes a sensor and a display. For one embodiment, power to the display may be decreased when the sensor detects absence of a user, and the power to the display may be increased when the sensor detects presence of the user.

Abstract: A cable for coupling a portable computer to a docking station is disclosed. The cable comprises a first end for coupling the cable to the docking station and a second end for coupling the cable to the portable computer. The cable also includes a lock that locks the second end to the portable computer until unlocked by a predetermined sequence.