Abstract: A generator of duality modulated radiation, of which the irradiance, the wave intensity, or both, are varied from ordinarily equivalent levels, either for purposes of providing energy depleted or energy enriched radiation or for purpose of encoding an information signal. Various techniques are disclosed for restoring irradiance levels to “ordinary” levels, or for amplifying irradiance without affecting wave intensity. A communication system also employs duality modulated radiation.

Abstract: An energy-depleted optical or particle beam is generated, transformed into a beam of converging annular cross section, and directed along the same axis as a primary beam. The energy-depleted beam intersects with the primary beam in a tapered annular region in which the two beams destructively interfere, because their wave intensities are adjusted to be equal and their phases are adjusted to be opposite (180 degrees apart). The region of destructive interference effectively compresses and focuses the primary beam to produce a spot size substantially smaller than any spot size attainable using conventional, diffractively limited, optics.