Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to measuring thermal properties. At least one embodiment includes a method including heating a location of an object with an excitation laser beam, the excitation laser beam being a continuous-wave laser beam modulated by a square-wave modulation waveform. The method may also include measuring temperature at the location over time by measuring changes in one or more reflective properties at the location. Related apparatuses are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to measuring thermal properties. At least one embodiment includes a method including heating a location of an object with an excitation laser beam, the excitation laser beam being a continuous-wave laser beam modulated by a square-wave modulation waveform. The method may also include measuring temperature at the location over time by measuring changes in one or more reflective properties at the location. Related apparatuses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A flight management system may include a processor, a memory, a network communication interface, and a flexible data interface stored in the memory and executable by the processor. The flexible data interface is typically configured for providing an abstract data interface layer; retrieving, via the abstract data interface layer, data stored in the memory of the flight management system; and transmitting, via the network communication device, the data to a peripheral device in network communication with the flight management system.

Abstract: An aircraft comprises a rechargeable battery including an array of battery cells, and means for mitigating consequences of failure of the rechargeable battery due to aircraft operating cycles.

Abstract: A flight management system may include a processor, a memory, a network communication interface, and a flexible data interface stored in the memory and executable by the processor. The flexible data interface is typically configured for providing an abstract data interface layer; retrieving, via the abstract data interface layer, data stored in the memory of the flight management system; and transmitting, via the network communication device, the data to a peripheral device in network communication with the flight management system.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a rechargeable battery susceptible to thermal runaway, and a metal enclosure for the battery. The enclosure is configured to mitigate battery failure consequences resulting from thermal runaway.

Abstract: A method for making a composite membrane including the formation of a porous discriminating layer upon a surface of a porous support, including the step of a) forming a polymer blend comprising: i) a “blending” polymer and ii) a block copolymer comprising durable segments that form a co-continuous phase with the blending polymer and fugitive segments that form self-assembled assembled micro-domains within the co-continuous phase, and b) removing at least a portion of the fugitive segments to yield pores having an average size of ?0.5 ?m.

Abstract: A block copolymer composition containing a diblock copolymer blend including a first poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly((trimethylsilyl)methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer; and, a second poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly((trimethylsilyl)methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer. Also provided are substrates treated with the block copolymer composition.

Abstract: A copolymer composition including a block copolymer having a poly(methyl methacrylate) block and a poly((trimethylsilyl)methyl methacrylate) block is provided; wherein the block copolymer exhibits a number average molecular weight, MN, of 1 to 1,000 kg/mol; and, wherein the block copolymer exhibits a polydispersity, PD, of 1 to 2. Also provided are substrates treated with the copolymer composition.

Abstract: Brominated and epoxidized organic compounds are useful flame retardants for polymers such as polystyrene. The organic compounds contain both bromine and oxirane groups, and have molecular weights of at least 1500. The brominated and epoxidized organic compounds can be prepared by sequentially brominating and epoxiding (in either order) a starting compound that contains multiple non-conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds.

Abstract: A copolymer composition including a block copolymer having a poly(methyl methacrylate) block and a poly((trimethylsilyl)methyl methacrylate) block is provided; wherein the block copolymer exhibits a number average molecular weight, MN, of 1 to 1,000 kg/mol; and, wherein the block copolymer exhibits a polydispersity, PD, of 1 to 2. Also provided are substrates treated with the copolymer composition.

Abstract: A block copolymer composition containing a diblock copolymer blend including a first poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly((trimethylsilyl)methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer; and, a second poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly((trimethylsilyl)methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer. Also provided are substrates treated with the block copolymer composition.

Abstract: Butadiene copolymers are brominated using certain quaternary ammonium tribromides as the brominating agent. The bromination process proceeds easily under mild conditions, and produces a brominated product that has excellent thermal stability.

Abstract: Butadiene copolymers are brominated in solution using bromine as the brominating agent. The bromination is conducted in the presence of an excess of an aliphatic alcohol, relative to the amount of bromine that is used. The bromination proceeds rapidly at mild conditions, and is selective in that only aliphatic carbon-carbon double bonds are brominated, and unwanted bromination at tertiary carbon atoms is largely or completely avoided. The resulting brominated polymers are characterized in having very good thermal stability.

Abstract: Phosphorus-sulfur compounds have flame retardant activity in organic polymer systems. The phosphorus-sulfur compounds can be represented by the structure: wherein X is oxygen or sulfur, T is a covalent bond, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, provided that at least one of X and T is sulfur, each X? is independently oxygen or sulfur, each m is independently zero or 1 when X? is oxygen and zero, 1 or 2 when X? is sulfur, n is at least 1 and preferably at least 2, each R is independently an unsubstituted or inertly substituted hydrocarbyl group or the R groups together form an unsubstituted or inertly substituted divalent organic group and A is an organic linking group.

Abstract: Phosphorus-sulfur compounds have flame retardant activity in organic polymer systems. The phosphorus-sulfur compounds can be represented by the structure: wherein X is oxygen or sulfur, T is a covalent bond, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, provided that at least one of X and T is sulfur, each X? is independently oxygen or sulfur, each m is independently zero or 1 when X? is oxygen and zero, 1 or 2 when X? is sulfur, n is at least 1 and preferably at least 2, each R is independently an unsubstituted or inertly substituted hydrocarbyl group or the R groups together form an unsubstituted or inertly substituted divalent organic group and A is an organic linking group.

Abstract: Brominated and epoxidized organic compounds are useful flame retardants for polymers such as polystyrene. The organic compounds contain both bromine and oxirane groups, and have molecular weights of at least 1500. The brominated and epoxidized organic compounds can be prepared by sequentially brominating and epoxiding (in either order) a starting compound that contains multiple non-conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds.

Abstract: A thermally stable brominated butadiene copolymer, such as brominated styrene/butadiene block copolymer, brominated random styrene/butadiene copolymer or brominated styrene/butadiene graft copolymer, preparation of the brominated butadiene copolymers, use of the brominated butadiene copolymers as a flame retardant additive and polymeric compositions, both foamed and non-foamed, that incorporate a flame-retarding amount of brominated butadiene copolymer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for floor-plan region creation and placement is provided. Design information may be received. Module area may be estimated for each module in an integrated circuit. Individual module may be selected for regioning, and region size and dimensions for module may be determined. Region parameters may be adjusted prior to final placement and placement may be verified.

Abstract: Butadiene copolymers are brominated in solution using bromine as the brominating agent. The bromination is conducted in the presence of an excess of an aliphatic alcohol, relative to the amount of bromine that is used. The bromination proceeds rapidly at mild conditions, and is selective in that only aliphatic carbon-carbon double bonds are brominated, and unwanted bromination at tertiary carbon atoms is largely or completely avoided. The resulting brominated polymers are characterized in having very good thermal stability.