Abstract: Apparatus for protection of the ear and ear canal, and related methods of use and operation. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a selectively actuated valve which permits a varying or modulated size of aperture to be created by the wearer while the apparatus is in use, so as to accommodate varying functions, such as complete occlusion (e.g., for use in swimming or other acquatic activities such that water can be completely excluded) or partial occlusion (e.g., such that sounds can be heard by the wearer, whether in air or under water). In one implementation, the apparatus is retained within the ear canal of the wearer by virtue of the apparatus' shape and coordination with one or more natural features or contours of the anatomy in the ear region, without having to be inserted more than superficially into the outer portion of the ear canal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for scoring familiarity are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method comprises selecting a topic by a first user, presenting items associated with the topic to the first user, ranking a first set of the items by the first user, presenting the items to a second user, ranking a second set of the items by the second user, and scoring the second ranking relative to the first ranking.

Abstract: Systems and methods for scoring familiarity are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method comprises selecting a topic by a first user, presenting items associated with the topic to the first user, ranking a first set of the items by the first user, presenting the items to a second user, ranking a second set of the items by the second user, and scoring the second ranking relative to the first ranking.

Abstract: A method for the cross-metathesis of terminal olefins is disclosed. The method describes making disubstituted internal olefin products by contacting a first terminal olefin with another first terminal olefin to form a dimer and then contacting the dimer with a second terminal olefin in the presence of a catalyst having the formula where M may be Os or Ru, R and R1 may be the same or different and may be hydrogen or a substitutent group selected from C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20alkynyl, aryl, C1C20 carboxylate, C1-C20 alkoxy, C2-C20 alkenyloxy, C2-C20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C20 alkylthio, C1-C20 alkylsulfonyl, and C1-C20 alkylsulfinyl. X and X1 may be the same or different and may be any anionic ligand. L and L1 may be the same or different and may be any neutral electron donor.

Abstract: A method for the cross-metathesis of terminal olefins is disclosed. The method describes making disubstituted internal olefin products by contacting a first terminal olefin with another first terminal olefin to form a dimer and then contacting the dimer with a second terminal olefin in the presence of a catalyst having the formula where M may be Os or Ru, R and R1 may be the same or different and may be hydrogen or a substitutent group selected from C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl,C2-C20 alkynyl, aryl, C1-C20 carboxylate, C1-C20 alkoxy, C2-C20 alkenyloxy, C2-C20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C20 alkylthio, C1-C20 alkylsulfonyl, and C1-C20 alkylsulfinyl. X and X1 may be the same or different and may be any anionic ligand. L and L1 may be the same or different and may be any neutral electron donor.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products centrally manage references to objects recently employed by a user operating in a software development environment. After transmission of collection messages to plural applications, a receiver centrally managing object references receives an information block of object references. A writer of the centrally managing object references system writes the information blocks into memory. A reader further reads previously written information blocks to inform plural applications of what objects were previously referenced.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products for integrating third party tools of an integrated software environment with an integrated environment manager. The graphical user interface of the integrated environment manager is augmented with an icon representing a selected third-party tool. Pulldown and pullright menus are controlled to show objects and files which have been used recently and by which tools. The tools and the integrated environment manager communicate through inter-process messaging to coordinate control of picklists in menus of the integrated environment manager and the tools integrated therewith.

Abstract: Methods, and systems, and computer program products for displaying and editing picklists in a drop-down menu of a graphical user interface (GUI) of a computer. The drop-down menu allows a user to see a list of entries in a picklist section and to select an option to remove entries from the picklist section, to minimize clutter. The picklist section filters out redundant entries which are similar though not textually equivalent, to eliminate confusion in file lists and lists of recently used e-mail.

Abstract: Methods and apparati including computer program products link compiler error messages to information relevant to an error causing the compiler to generate the error message by adding link information to the compiler error messages. The error messages are displayed to the user without the link information. Portions of the visible error messages pertaining to the link information are highlighted, and upon selection by the user of the highlighted portion of the error message, information relevant to the highlighted error message is automatically displayed, for example, by running an editor, loading the source file which generated the error message, and displaying the relevant portion of the source file, or by running a help facility and displaying help information relevant to the error.

Abstract: Methods, apparatti and computer program products allow one or more editors to provide integrated functionality with one or more applications. The methods, systems and computer program products allow a user to select from among several editors which are not integrated with an application, yet interact with the editor and application as though the editor and application were integrated. One or more editors are assigned to each application and commands sent from each application are transformed into a command readable by the editor associated with the application. The command is sent to the editor, which is then able to display files to provide an appearance that the editor and the application are integrated. User generated commands from the editors may be sent to all of the applications or only a subset of the applications to allow the user to control one or more applications from the editor user interface.

Abstract: A method of soldering leadless component carriers or the like to printed circuit boards uses a solder paste containing copper spheres in addition to particulate solder and flux. The solder is melted and the copper spheres are embedded in the resulting solder matrix, offsetting the carrier from the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A solder paste contains solder plated copper spheres in addition to particulate solder and flux. The paste can be used to solder leadless component carriers or the like to printed circuit boards., After melting the solder, the copper spheres are embedded in the resulting solder matrix, offsetting the carrier from the printed circuit board.