Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a positive pressure breathing circuit and a method for ventilating a patient. The breathing circuit can be used in any type of pressurized breathing therapy including, for example, continuous positive air (way) pressure (CPAP) therapy and bilevel positive air pressure therapy where the inspiratory and expiratory pressures differ.

Abstract: An expanded multilayer integral geogrid includes a plurality of oriented strands interconnected by partially oriented junctions having an array of openings therein that is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one inner layer thereof having a structure that is expanded relative to at least one other layer of the multiple layers. By virtue of the expanded inner layer structure, the expanded multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the expanded multilayer integral geogrid in soil geosynthetic reinforcement, and economic benefits compared to a like integral geogrid without an expanded inner layer structure.

Abstract: A method of evaluating spinal cord stimulation (SCS), comprising obtaining neural response data generated by a spinal cord stimulator, where the neural response data describes one or more neural signals evoked in the spinal cord of a patient by applying diagnostic stimuli. One or more evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) associated with the respective one or more neural signals are detected. The one or more detected ECAPs are processed to generate one or more evaluation metrics, and the one or more evaluation metrics are used to generate a confidence score indicating a degree of effectiveness of SCS on the patient.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element for a lithographic apparatus. The optical element includes a capping layer that includes oxygen vacancies therein. The oxygen vacancies prevent attack of the capping layer by preventing hydrogen and other species from penetrating the capping layer and underlying layers. The capping layer provides a low hydrogen recombination rate enabling hydrogen to clean the surface of the optical element. The capping layer may include an alloyed metal, a mixed metal oxide or a doped metal oxide and it may be a ruthenium capping layer that includes one or more dopants therein.

Abstract: There is provided a method of measuring liquid volume in a sealed container of a breast pump of known volume comprising liquid and gas. The method includes a measurement phase, measuring the volume of gas in the container by changing a first parameter of the gas by a known amount. The method also includes measuring a change in a second parameter of the gas; calculating the volume of gas in the container using the measured change and a predetermined operation equation; and determining the volume of liquid in the container based on the calculation.

Abstract: Interfaces for positive pressure therapy having a mask assembly, a headgear assembly and a connection port assembly are disclosed herein. The connection port assembly has a ball joint connection with the mask assembly and includes a quick release button for easily disconnecting the gases source conduit from the mask assembly. The mask assembly may include a bias flow vent that is formed separately and attached to the mask assembly. The headgear assembly encircles the rear region of the user's head and may include at least some portions that are substantially non-stretchable.

Abstract: An assembly comprising a fuel stringer duct, a bulkhead, and a bulkhead retainer. The bulkhead is positioned in the fuel stringer duct to block the flow of fluid along the fuel stringer duct. The bulkhead retainer comprises a retainer portion that extends through an opening in a wall of the fuel stringer duct and which is configured to abut with the bulkhead to prevent movement of the bulkhead along the fuel stringer duct. Also a method of installing a bulkhead in a fuel stringer duct.

Abstract: Systems and methods for simply and efficiently configuring transceiver modules are disclosed. These systems and methods may allow the configuration of transceiver modules using values for tuning parameters that are different from standard values for those tuning parameters based on attributes of either a transceiver module or a network device with which that transceiver module is being utilized.

Abstract: Stimulation of neural activity in a nerve supplying the spleen, wherein the nerve is adjacent to the splenic artery at a position where the splenic artery is not in direct contact with the pancreas, can modulate pro-and anti-inflammatory molecules levels, thereby reducing inflammation and providing ways of treating disorders, such as disorders associated with inflammation. The invention provides improved ways of reducing inflammation with minimized off-target effects, in particular surgical trauma.

Abstract: A conduit for a breathing circuit includes a heater associated, at least in part, with a hydrophilic layer. The purpose of the heater is to evaporate any condensed liquid collecting in the conduit, which is first sucked up by the hydrophilic layer. The heated wick reduces the risk of collected water being passed to the patient and causing choking fits or discomfit. It is preferred that the heated wick lies freely in the conduit to settle at low points in the conduit where condensation may collect.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an occupant compartment, a storage compartment, one or more frame elements, a seat assembly, and a door. The frame element forms at least a part of the storage compartment, which is arranged adjacent to an occupant compartment. The frame element includes an opening between the storage compartment and the occupant compartment. The seat assembly is arranged in the occupant compartment, and optionally includes a console. A threshold element is optionally included to provide an interface to the occupant compartment. The door is configured to block and unblock the opening such that an occupant can access the storage compartment from the occupant compartment. The door is configured to rotate, slide, fold, or otherwise be reconfigured, under manual or automatic operation, to unblock the opening. The door is not part of the seat assembly, and interfaces to the frame element or a threshold element affixed to the frame.

Abstract: A connector for connecting a fluid flow duct to a fuel stringer duct. The connector comprises a body having an internal channel for fluid passage between a first opening and a second opening of the body. A flange surrounds the first opening, the flange configured for insertion into a hole formed in a wall of the fuel stringer duct. An outer surface of the flange is provided with a first sealing member that surrounds the flange, the first sealing member configured to form a seal between the outer surface of the flange and an internal surface of the hole formed in the wall of the fuel stringer duct.

Abstract: In some implementations, an optical system for LIDAR sensing includes a transmitter configured to transmit a beam; a polarization beam splitter configured to block a first polarized transmission component of the beam and pass through a second polarized transmission component of the beam; a waveplate configured to convert the second polarized transmission component of the beam to a circular polarization state and to direct the beam toward a target, wherein the waveplate is configured to receive a return reflection of the beam and convert the return reflection to a second polarized reflection component, and wherein the polarization beam splitter is configured to reflect the second polarized reflection component and pass through a first polarized reflection component of the return reflection; a linear polarizer configured to pass through the second polarized reflection component; and a coherent receiver configured to receive the return reflection from the linear polarizer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automated programming system for a neuromodulation device that is configured to assist a clinician to efficiently program the neuromodulation device for a particular patient. In particular, the assisted programming system comprises a stimulation user interface control that is configured to cause the intensity of the neural stimulus to ramp up with time as long as the patient continues to interact with the control. The value of stimulus intensity at which the patient ceases to interact with the control is recorded as a significant perceptual marker upon which subsequent steps in the assisted programming workflow are based. This user interface design takes advantage of the human withdrawal reflex, whereby the patient is likely to instinctively release the button upon receiving uncomfortable stimulation. The design therefore minimises the training burden placed on the patient in using the assisted programming system.

Abstract: Aspects of a geogrid system and method for improving substrate interactions within a geotechnical environment is disclosed. In one aspect a geotechnical environment is configured with a horizontal multilayer mechanically stabilizing geogrid. In said aspect the geogrid is extruded with a polymeric material and a compressible cellular layer, wherein the geogrid comprises a heightened aspect ratio with a patterned structure of engineered discontinuities and a plurality of strong axes. The combination of elements provides for a system and method of stabilizing soils and aggregate, by resisting lateral movement from the strong axes, and trapping particles in the patterned structure of engineered discontinuities.

Abstract: A memory attachment and routing chip includes a single die having a set of external ports; at least one memory attachment interface comprising a memory controller to attach to external memory, and a fabric core in which routing logic is implemented. The routing logic can (i) receive a first packet of a first type from a first port of the set of ports, the first type of packet being a memory access packet with a memory address which lies in a range of memory addresses associated with the memory attachment and routing chip, detect the memory address and route the packet of the first type to the memory attachment interface. The routing logic can (ii) receive a second packet of a second type, the second type of packet being an inter-processor packet comprising a destination identifier identifying a processing chip external to the memory attachment.

Abstract: An insole (2) has a heel region (8), an arch region (6) and a forefoot region (4). A pod (10) comprising an encapsulated liquid is partially embedded in a foam layer in the heel region (8). The impact of foot strike can lead to large forces on joints in the body. The insole (2) with the pod (10) reduces the impact of foot strike and therefore can lessen the impact of steps on the body.

Abstract: The present specification provides an electric battery monitoring system. The system has particular application in electric vehicles where there it is desired to balance energy consumption to preserve vehicle range while also periodically monitoring for unsafe conditions that could lead to a thermal event.

Abstract: A multilayer integral geogrid, including one or more cellular layers, has a plurality of oriented multilayer strands interconnected by partially oriented multilayer junctions with an array of openings therein. The multilayer integral geogrid having one or more cellular layers is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one outer layer thereof having the cellular structure. By virtue of the cellular layer structure, the multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer vertical compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the multilayer integral geogrid to stabilize and strengthen soil, aggregates, or other particulate materials.