Abstract: An electron-optical image tube including a photocathode, an extraction electrode consisting of a mesh on the emission side of the photocathode, and a focussing electrode on the side of the mesh remote from the photocathode, achieves increased time resolution, improved spatial resolution, and reduced magnification at a phosphor screen by making the photocathode to mesh spacing small compared with the mesh to focussing electrode spacing. An improved photocathode plate avoids large electric fields at sharp points on the photocathode surface. Additional annular electrodes and flared deflector electrodes in the drift section of the tube prevent scattering of electrons from the tube walls on to the screen.

Abstract: A laser comprises a cell containing xenon at high pressure and has its walls previous to high-velocity electrons. The cell is of cylindrical shape and constitutes the anode of a field-emission diode with the cathode of the diode surrounding the anode. Electrons emitted from the cathode thus travel radially inwardly and penetrate the anode walls to excite lasing action.

Abstract: An electron-optical image tube is provided which avoids the limitations imposed by photographic and image storage techniques and which enables a direct linear intensity profile of a pulse train to be obtained. The image tube, instead of having a phosphor screen, has a disc with one or more slit apertures therethrough and a photoelectron image is scanned across the aperture or apertures. The time spacing of the light pulses can be adjusted so that the time of the image tube coincides with the fixed aperture or apertures in the disc when a continuous circular scan is used.