Abstract: A mass filter is disclosed having at least one electrode (42-48) comprising an aperture (43) or recess. Voltages are applied to the electrodes (42-48) of the mass filter such that ions having mass to charge ratios in a desired range are confined by the electrodes and are transmitted along and through the mass filter, whereas ions (47,49) having mass to charge ratios outside of said desired range are unstable and pass into the aperture (43) or recess such that they are filtered out by the mass filter. The aperture (43) or recess reduces or eliminates the number of ions that would otherwise impact the electrode surface facing the ion transmission axis and hence reduces degradation of the ion transmission properties of the mass filter.

Abstract: A mass filter is disclosed having at least one electrode (42-48) comprising an aperture (43) or recess. Voltages are applied to the electrodes (42-48) of the mass filter such that ions having mass to charge ratios in a desired range are confined by the electrodes and are transmitted along and through the mass filter, whereas ions (47,49) having mass to charge ratios outside of said desired range are unstable and pass into the aperture (43) or recess such that they are filtered out by the mass filter. The aperture (43) or recess reduces or eliminates the number of ions that would otherwise impact the electrode surface facing the ion transmission axis and hence reduces degradation of the ion transmission properties of the mass filter.

Abstract: A mass filter is disclosed having at least one electrode (42-48) comprising an aperture (43) or recess. Voltages are applied to the electrodes (42-48) of the mass filter such that ions having mass to charge ratios in a desired range are confined by the electrodes and are transmitted along and through the mass filter, whereas ions (47,49) having mass to charge ratios outside of said desired range are unstable and pass into the aperture (43) or recess such that they are filtered out by the mass filter. The aperture (43) or recess reduces or eliminates the number of ions that would otherwise impact the electrode surface facing the ion transmission axis and hence reduces degradation of the ion transmission properties of the mass filter.

Abstract: A mass filter is disclosed having at least one electrode (42-48) comprising an aperture (43) or recess. Voltages are applied to the electrodes (42-48) of the mass filter such that ions having mass to charge ratios in a desired range are confined by the electrodes and are transmitted along and through the mass filter, whereas ions (47,49) having mass to charge ratios outside of said desired range are unstable and pass into the aperture (43) or recess such that they are filtered out by the mass filter. The aperture (43) or recess reduces or eliminates the number of ions that would otherwise impact the electrode surface facing the ion transmission axis and hence reduces degradation of the ion transmission properties of the mass filter.

Abstract: A neoplasm cell destruction device utilizing low frequency sound waves to disrupt or displace cellular materials in neoplastic cells so as to damage and ultimately destruct the neoplastic cells. The device includes a plurality of signal generators, a controller, a plurality of amplifiers, a plurality of transducers, and a target interface. The controller is in electrical communication with, and generates timing and control signals for simultaneously activating, the plurality of signal generators. Each amplifier is in electrical communication with a respective signal generator and amplifies the signal generated by the respective signal generator so as to form an amplified signal. Each transducer is in electrical communication with a respective amplifier and is driven by the amplified signal formed by the respective amplifier. The target interface combines the waveforms formed by the plurality of transducers to form an interference wave that is a low frequency sound wave.

Abstract: A neoplasm cell destruction device utilizing low frequency sound waves to disrupt or displace cellular materials in neoplastic cells so as to damage and ultimately destruct the neoplastic cells. The device includes a plurality of signal generators, a controller, a plurality of amplifiers, a plurality of transducers, and a target interface. The controller is in electrical communication with, and generates timing and control signals for simultaneously activating, the plurality of signal generators. Each amplifier is in electrical communication with a respective signal generator and amplifies the signal generated by the respective signal generator so as to form an amplified signal. Each transducer is in electrical communication with a respective amplifier and is driven by the amplified signal formed by the respective amplifier. The target interface combines the waveforms formed by the plurality of transducers to form an interference wave that is a low frequency sound wave.

Abstract: A neoplasm cell destruction device utilizing low frequency sound waves to disrupt or displace cellular materials in neoplastic cells so as to damage and ultimately destruct the neoplastic cells. The device includes a plurality of signal generators, a controller, a plurality of amplifiers, a plurality of transducers, and a target interface. The controller is in electrical communication with, and generates timing and control signals for simultaneously activating, the plurality of signal generators. Each amplifier is in electrical communication with a respective signal generator and amplifies the signal generated by the respective signal generator so as to form an amplified signal. Each transducer is in electrical communication with a respective amplifier and is driven by the amplified signal formed by the respective amplifier. The target interface combines the waveforms formed by the plurality of transducers to form an interference wave that is a low frequency sound wave.

Abstract: A neoplasm cell destruction device utilizing low frequency sound waves to disrupt or displace cellular materials in neoplastic cells so as to damage and ultimately destruct the neoplastic cells without destructing surrounding healthy cells and thereby eliminating the need for target finding apparatus. The device includes a plurality of signal generators, a controller, a plurality of amplifiers, a plurality of transducers, and a target interface. The controller is in electrical communication with, and generates timing and control signals for simultaneously activating, the plurality of signal generators. Each amplifier is in electrical communication with a respective signal generator and amplifies the signal generated by the respective signal generator so as to form an amplified signal. Each transducer is in electrical communication with a respective amplifier and is driven by the amplified signal formed by the respective amplifier.

Abstract: A system for securing a plurality of slabs of insulation to an underlying roof decking substructure by a plurality of batten strips is disclosed, wherein the plurality of slabs of insulation are disposed within a grid-type arrangement comprising a plurality of transversely oriented rows of the slabs of insulation and a plurality of longitudinally oriented columns of the slabs of insulation. Alternative columns of the slabs of insulation are preferably longitudinally offset with respect to the columns of the slabs of insulation which are interposed between the alternative columns of the slabs of insulation so as to effectively stagger adjacent or abutting slabs of insulation with respect to each other for enhancing wind uplift resistance properties.

Abstract: A neoplasm cell destruction device. The device includes at least one signal generator and at least one transducer. The at least one transducer is driven by the at least one signal generator, and produces sound waves. The sound waves are impacted upon a neoplastic target to damage, and ultimately destruct, the neoplastic target.

Abstract: A mass filter is disclosed comprising an orthogonal acceleration electrode 9. Ions entering the mass filter are orthogonally accelerated by the orthogonal acceleration electrode 9 in a primary acceleration region 2 and enter a flight region 3. The ions 6,7,8 are then reflected by a reflectron 4 and are directed towards an exit region of the mass filter. Ions having a desired mass to charge ratio are arranged to arrive in the primary acceleration region 2 at a time when a voltage pulse applied to the orthogonal acceleration electrode 9 falls from a maximum to zero. Ions having a desired mass to charge ratio are orthogonally decelerated such that they have a zero component of velocity in the orthogonal direction. Accordingly, ions having a desired mass to charge ratio exit the mass filter in an axial direction.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising an ion source 4, a field free or drift region 5 and an ion mirror 7 comprising a reflectron. Metastable parent ions which spontaneously fragment by Post Source Decay whilst passing through the field free or drift region 5 are arranged to enter the ion mirror 7 and be reflected by the reflectron towards an ion detector 8 when the reflectron is maintained at a certain voltage. The process is then repeated with the reflectron being maintained at a slightly lower voltage. Two related sets of time of flight or mass spectral data are obtained for the two different voltage settings of the reflectron. From the two data sets the different times of flight for the same species of fragment ion can be determined. The mass to charge ratio of the parent ion which fragmented to produce the particular species of fragment ion can then be determined from the times of flight of the fragment ions.