Abstract: A method and apparatus are used for a vehicle and for communicating with a personal communications device. The method includes establishing a secured communication link between the vehicle and the personal communications device for a first operation of accessing and/or starting the vehicle. The method further includes reusing the secured communication link for an application of the vehicle additional to the first operation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for secure communication between a first and a second communication partner are provided. The method for secure communication between a first and a second communication partner comprises establishing a communication link between the first and the second communication partner. Further, the method comprises determining one or more session identifiers by one of the first and the second communication partner. The method additionally comprises communicating the one or more session identifiers to the other of the first and the second communication partner. The method comprises determining, for each of the one or more session identifiers, a respective symmetric session key in each of the first and the second communication partner. In addition, the method comprises storing the one or more session identifiers and the corresponding symmetric session keys in each of the first and the second communication partner for one or more subsequent secure communication sessions.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method trains a machine learning model. The method includes training the machine learning model on the basis of data representing at least two different vehicle environments. The machine learning model is trained, on the basis of data from a time-of-flight distance measurement of a distance between a key device and a vehicle, to determine a position of the key device relative to the vehicle.

Abstract: A method for a receiver locates an authentication unit of a motor vehicle. The method includes determining environment information relating to the receiver. The method also includes receiving a reception signal from a transmitter. The method further includes determining a relative position of the transmitter with respect to the receiver on the basis of the environment information and the reception signal.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a method for accessing a functionality of a vehicle via a mobile device. The method includes sending, using a first radio access technology, RAT, a ranging intent message from the mobile device to the vehicle; initiating, by the vehicle and using a second RAT, a ranging session for localizing the mobile device upon receipt of the ranging intent message; and upon initiating the ranging session, sending a ranging response message from the vehicle to the mobile device using the first RAT, the ranging response message indicating whether the mobile device is inside or outside at least one operational localization range of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method for determining an occupied region of a first radio device is provided. According to the method, a signal is transmitted from the first radio device and received by at least two additional radio devices. Based on a propagation time of the signal from the first radio device to the additional radio devices, a surrounding region is determined around each of the additional radio devices in which the first radio device is located. The occupied region of the first radio device is determined based on an overlapping region which results from an overlapping of all surrounding regions. Alternatively, signals can also be transmitted from the additional radio devices and received by the first radio device. The method can be used to determine whether an automobile key having a radio transmitter is located in a vehicle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining an occupied region of a first radio device, comprising: —transmitting a signal from the first radio device, —receiving the signal by at least two additional radio devices, —determining, based on a runtime of the signal from the first radio device to the additional radio devices, a surrounding region around each of the additional radio devices in which the first radio device is located, and —determining the occupied region of the first radio device based on an overlapping region which results from an overlapping of all surrounding regions. Alternatively, signals can also be transmitted from the additional radio devices and received by the first radio device. The method can be used to determine whether an automobile key having a radio transmitter is located in a vehicle.

Abstract: A method and system controls access to an authentication-dependent or authentication-conditional function of a vehicle, via a smart device or smartphone. For the authentication, an authentication feature of the smart device is compared with a stored authentication feature of the device, and authentication is granted if they are identical or sufficiently correspond, the authentication is subjected to an approval process by a user of the smart device, in which it is determined whether the user approves the authentication or not. The authentication and the approval process have at least one channel in a protected region of the smart device and/or are themselves embedded in the protected region, which lies outside a region of the operating system of the applications and/or the apps of the smart device. The function of the device is executed when there is an authentication and an approval.

Abstract: A method for determining a location area of a mobile terminal relative to a vehicle includes generating a set of positions relative to the vehicle, calculating a location probability of the mobile terminal for one position from the set of positions, and assigning one position from the set of positions to a zone from a plurality of zones of the vehicle. The method also includes determining an aggregated location probability of the mobile terminal for the zone from the plurality of zones depending on the positions assigned to the zone. And, if the aggregated location probability of the mobile terminal for the zone exceeds a predefined confidence value, the method further comprises determining the zone as the location area of the mobile terminal.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an approximate determination of a distance between a wireless key which is assigned to a motor vehicle and a transceiver arrangement which is disposed in or on the motor vehicle. In the course of a ranging cycle, a first first path relating to a first threshold value and a second first path relating to a higher, second threshold value are calculated. Two distances are estimated on the basis of this dual first path calculation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to distance determining apparatus for determining a distance between an anchor and a tag. The apparatus is configured to select a first frame type or a second frame type for a message that is to be transmitted, to optimize an energy of the first frame type for a secure preamble detection, and to optimize an energy of the second frame type for a data transmission.

Abstract: A method and system controls access to an authentication-dependent or authentication-conditional function of a vehicle, via a smart device or smartphone. For the authentication, an authentication feature of the smart device is compared with a stored authentication feature of the device, and authentication is granted if they are identical or sufficiently correspond, the authentication is subjected to an approval process by a user of the smart device, in which it is determined whether the user approves the authentication or not. The authentication and the approval process have at least one channel in a protected region of the smart device and/or are themselves embedded in the protected region, which lies outside a region of the operating system of the applications and/or the apps of the smart device. The function of the device is executed when there is an authentication and an approval.

Abstract: A method for determining a location area of a mobile terminal relative to a vehicle includes generating a set of positions relative to the vehicle, calculating a location probability of the mobile terminal for one position from the set of positions, and assigning one position from the set of positions to a zone from a plurality of zones of the vehicle. The method also includes determining an aggregated location probability of the mobile terminal for the zone from the plurality of zones depending on the positions assigned to the zone. And, if the aggregated location probability of the mobile terminal for the zone exceeds a predefined confidence value, the method further comprises determining the zone as the location area of the mobile terminal.

Abstract: A method for controlling access to a system by means of an identification (ID) transmitter, wherein the ID transmitter is authenticated by virtue of a distance between the ID transmitter and a reference point in the system being checked by transmitting a radio signal, includes receiving a first version of the radio signal at a first time and a second version of the radio signal at a second time. The method also includes determining, based on the first time and on the second time, whether the second version of the radio signal is a relay signal generated from the radio signal as part of a relay attack, and prompting a measure to prevent access to the system if it is determined that the second version of the radio signal is the relay signal.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to distance determining apparatus for determining a distance between an anchor and a tag. The apparatus is configured to select a first frame type or a second frame type for a message that is to be transmitted, to optimize an energy of the first frame type for a secure preamble detection, and to optimize an energy of the second frame type for a data transmission.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an approximate determination of a distance between a wireless key which is assigned to a motor vehicle and a transceiver arrangement which is disposed in or on the motor vehicle. In the course of a ranging cycle, a first first path relating to a first threshold value and a second first path relating to a higher, second threshold value are calculated. Two distances are estimated on the basis of this dual first path calculation.

Abstract: The invention provides an arrangement and a method for measuring the direct sound wrad radiated by an acoustical source under test (e.g. loudspeakers) under the influence of acoustic ambient noise sources Q1 and reflections at acoustical boundaries (e.g. room walls). An acquisition device measures a state variable pt(rm) of the sound field at a plurality of measurement points rm in a scanning range Gm by a sensor and generates a scanned data set pGm,tQ0,Q1. Based on this data set an analyzer determines the coefficients CradQ0 associated with expansion functions which are solutions of the wave equation. An identifier uses the scanned data set pGm,tQ0,Q1 for generating parameter information P for the analyzer which are the basis for separating the direct sound wrad from room reflections wref and other waves wsec scattered at the surface of the source under test.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a system and method for a link for a track chain in a ground-engaging track system. The link has an elongate link body including a first and a second crown. The elongate link body includes a shoe surface and a rail surface. The shoe surface is configured to contact a track shoe coupled to the elongate link body. The rail surface is opposite the shoe surface and has a first end section, a middle section, and a second end section. The first and second crowns on the rail surface each define a convex portion of the rail surface. The first crown is positioned on the first end section and the second crown is positioned on the second end section. The first and second crowns are configured to delay scallop formation in the rail surface.