Abstract: Various examples of out-of-plane multicolor waveguide holography systems, methods of manufacture, and methods of use are described herein. In some examples, a multicolor waveguide holography system includes a planar waveguide to convey optical radiation between a grating coupler and a metasurface hologram. The grating coupler may be configured to couple out-of-plane optical radiation of three different color incident at three different angles into the planar waveguide. The combined multicolor optical radiation may be conveyed by the waveguide to the metasurface hologram. The metasurface hologram may diffractively decouple the three colors of optical radiation for off-plane propagation to form a multicolor holographic image in free space.

Abstract: A nanoparticle for delivering an interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) inhibitor to a subject and methods for treating inflamed tissue in a subject using the nanoparticle.

Abstract: Systems and methods for designing, optimizing, patterning, forming, and manufacturing symphotic structures are described herein. A symphotic structure may be formed by identifying a continuous refractive index distribution calculated to convert each of a plurality of input reference waves to a corresponding plurality of output object waves. The continuous refractive index distribution can be modeled as a plurality of subwavelength voxels. The system can calculate a symphotic pattern as a three-dimensional array of discrete dipole values to functionally approximate the subwavelength voxels. A symphotic structure may be formed with a volumetric distribution of dipole structures. A dipole value, such as a dipole moment (direction and magnitude) of each dipole is selected for the volumetric distribution to convert a plurality of input reference waves to a target plurality of output object waves.

Abstract: Various examples of out-of-plane multicolor waveguide holography systems, methods of manufacture, and methods of use are described herein. In some examples, a multicolor waveguide holography system includes a planar waveguide to convey optical radiation between a grating coupler and a metasurface hologram. The grating coupler may be configured to couple out-of-plane optical radiation of three different color incident at three different angles into the planar waveguide. The combined multicolor optical radiation may be conveyed by the waveguide to the metasurface hologram. The metasurface hologram may diffractively decouple the three colors of optical radiation for off-plane propagation to form a multicolor holographic image in free space.

Abstract: Various examples of out-of-plane multicolor waveguide holography systems, methods of manufacture, and methods of use are described herein. In some examples, a multicolor waveguide holography system includes a planar waveguide to convey optical radiation between a grating coupler and a metasurface hologram. The grating coupler may be configured to couple out-of-plane optical radiation of three different color incident at three different angles into the planar waveguide. The combined multicolor optical radiation may be conveyed by the waveguide to the metasurface hologram. The metasurface hologram may diffractively decouple the three colors of optical radiation for off-plane propagation to form a multicolor holographic image in free space.

Abstract: Various examples of out-of-plane multicolor waveguide holography systems, methods of manufacture, and methods of use are described herein. In some examples, a multicolor waveguide holography system includes a planar waveguide to convey optical radiation between a grating coupler and a metasurface hologram. The grating coupler may be configured to couple out-of-plane optical radiation of three different color incident at three different angles into the planar waveguide. The combined multicolor optical radiation may be conveyed by the waveguide to the metasurface hologram. The metasurface hologram may diffractively decouple the three colors of optical radiation for off-plane propagation to form a multicolor holographic image in free space.

Abstract: Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) imaging systems and methods for performing massively parallel computation are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes, at a computing device, receiving data from a radar system about a target located within a spatial zone of a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna. The method also includes approximating the data. The method also includes interpolating the approximation to calculate a result. Further, the method includes forming an image of the data in response to calculating the result. Lastly, the method includes presenting the image to a user via a display.

Abstract: Systems and methods for designing, optimizing, patterning, forming, and manufacturing symphotic structures are described herein. A symphotic structure may be formed by identifying a continuous refractive index distribution calculated to convert each of a plurality of input reference waves to a corresponding plurality of output object waves. The continuous refractive index distribution can be modeled as a plurality of subwavelength voxels. The system can calculate a symphotic pattern as a three-dimensional array of discrete dipole values to functionally approximate the subwavelength voxels. A symphotic structure may be formed with a volumetric distribution of dipole structures. A dipole value, such as a dipole moment (direction and magnitude) of each dipole is selected for the volumetric distribution to convert a plurality of input reference waves to a target plurality of output object waves.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, systems and methods for through imaging a medium are disclosed. An apparatus can include one or more radiating elements comprising one or more artificially-structured materials. The one or more radiating elements can be configured to transmit a radiation pattern of electromagnetic energy into a medium. The apparatus also can include one or more receiving elements configured to receive backscattered energy from the radiation pattern of electromagnetic energy transmitted into the medium. The backscattered energy received by the one or more receiving elements can be used to generate one or more through images of the medium.

Abstract: A computerized human communication arbitrating and distributing system, including a controller digital computer and a plurality of participator digital computers, each of the participator computers including an input device for receiving human-input information from a human user and an output device for presenting information to the user. A connection, such as Internet, links the controller computer with each of the participator computers. Controller software runs on the controller computer to arbitrate in accordance with predefined rules, which ones of the participator computers can interact in one of a plurality of groups through the controller computer and to distribute real time data to the respective ones of the groups.

Abstract: A computerized human communication arbitrating and distributing system, including a controller digital computer and a plurality of participator digital computers, each of the participator computers including an input device for receiving human-input information from a human user and an output device for presenting information to the user. A connection, such as Internet, links the controller computer with each of the participator computers. Controller software runs on the controller computer to arbitrate in accordance with predefined rules, which ones of the participator computers can interact in one of a plurality of groups through the controller computer and to distribute real time data to the respective ones of the groups.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for selectively driving the vibrations of normal modes of a target molecule into coherence using stimulated Raman scattering. In concert, many vibrations produce a larger anti-Stokes signal than a single vibration. The same illumination does not drive other molecules to have coherent vibrations, so these molecules produce a weaker signal. Target and confounder molecules can be distinguished by pulses that drive many vibrations coherently, with applications in coherent Raman microspectroscopy.

Abstract: A system and method for microscale measurement and imaging of the group refractive index of a sample. The method utilizes a broadband confocal high-numerical aperture microscope embedded into an interferometer and a spectrometric means, whereby spectral interferograms are analyzed to compute optical path delay of the beam traversing the sample as the sample is translated through the focus of an interrogating light beam. A determination of group refractive index may serve to disambiguate phase ambiguity in a measurement of refractive index at a specified wavelength. Spatial resolution of object characterization in three dimensions is achieved by imaging the object from multiple viewpoints.

Abstract: A near-field microscope using one or more diffractive elements placed in the near-field of an object to be imaged. A diffractive covers the entire object, thus signal may thereby be gathered from the entire object, and advantageously increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the resulting image, as well as greatly improve the acquisition speed. Near-field microscopy overcomes the limitation of conventional microscopy in that subwavelength and nanometer-scale features can be imaged and measured without contact.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for selectively driving the vibrations of normal modes of a target molecule into coherence using stimulated Raman scattering. In concert, many vibrations produce a larger anti-Stokes signal than a single vibration. The same illumination does not drive other molecules to have coherent vibrations, so these molecules produce a weaker signal. Target and confounder molecules can be distinguished by pulses that drive many vibrations coherently, with applications in coherent Raman microspectroscopy.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for three-dimensional imaging of a sample. A source is provided of a beam of light characterized by partial spatial coherence. The beam is focused onto a sample and scattered light from the sample is superposed with a reference beam derived from the source onto a focal plane detector array to provide an interference signal. A forward scattering model is derived relating measurement data to structure of an object to allow solutions of an inverse scattering problem, based upon the interference signal so that a three-dimensional structure of the same may be inferred. The partial spatial coherence of the source, which may be fixed or variable, may advantageously provide for rejection of multiple scattering artifacts and thus improve image quality.

Abstract: A method of examining a sample, which includes: exposing a reference to a first set of electromagnetic radiation, to form a second set of electromagnetic radiation scattered from the reference; exposing a sample to a third set of electromagnetic radiation to form a fourth set of electromagnetic radiation scattered from the sample; and interfering the second set of electromagnetic radiation and the fourth set of electromagnetic radiation. The first set and the third set of electromagnetic radiation are generated from a source; at least a portion of the second set of electromagnetic radiation is of a frequency different from that of the first set of electromagnetic radiation; and at least a portion of the fourth set of electromagnetic radiation is of a frequency different from that of the third set of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for three-dimensional imaging of a sample. A source is provided of a beam of substantially collimated light characterized by a temporally dependent spectrum. The beam is focused in a plane characterized by a fixed displacement along the propagation axis of the beam, and scattered light from the sample is superposed with a reference beam derived from the substantially collimated source onto a focal plane detector array to provide an interference signal. A forward scattering model is derived relating measured data to structure of an object to allow solution of an inverse scattering problem based upon the interference signal so that a three-dimensional structure of the sample may be inferred in near real time.

Abstract: A method of examining a sample comprises exposing the sample to a pump pulse of electromagnetic radiation for a first period of time, exposing the sample to a stimulant pulse of electromagnetic radiation for a second period of time which overlaps in time with at least a portion of the first exposing, to produce a signal pulse of electromagnetic radiation for a third period of time, and interfering the signal pulse with a reference pulse of electromagnetic radiation, to determine which portions of the signal pulse were produced during the exposing of the sample to the stimulant pulse. The first and third periods of time are each greater than the second period of time.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for three-dimensional imaging of a sample. A source is provided of a beam of light characterized by partial spatial coherence. The beam is focused onto a sample and scattered light from the sample is superposed with a reference beam derived from the source onto a focal plane detector array to provide an interference signal. A forward scattering model is derived relating measurement data to structure of an object to allow solutions of an inverse scattering problem, based upon the interference signal so that a three-dimensional structure of the same may be inferred. The partial spatial coherence of the source, which may be fixed or variable, may advantageously provide for rejection of multiple scattering artifacts and thus improve image quality.