Abstract: Disclosed herein are optical systems (e.g., LiDAR systems) and methods with improved eye safety. In some embodiments, a system includes a first light emitter configured to illuminate a first field of view (FOV) using light emitted at a first wavelength and a second light emitter configured to illuminate a second FOV using light emitted at a second wavelength. The second FOV is wider than the first FOV, and the first FOV extends to a further distance from the system than the second FOV. The system also includes a sensor configured to detect reflections off of targets within the second FOV, and at least one processor configured to execute one or more machine executable instructions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are drawn to apparatuses and methods for scheduling targeted refreshes in a memory device. Memory cells in a memory device may be volatile and may need to be periodically refreshed as part of an auto-refresh operation. In addition, certain rows may experience faster degradation, and may need to undergo targeted refresh operations, where a specific targeted refresh address is provided and refreshed. The rate at which targeted refresh operations need to occur may be based on the rate at which memory cells are accessed. The memory device may monitor accesses to a bank of the memory, and may use a count of the accesses to determine if an auto-refresh address or a targeted refresh address will be refreshed.

Abstract: A cap extractor for a welding gun includes a housing, a pair of springs, and first and second arms that are arranged between the springs. Each of the first and second arms have teeth that are configured to engage a welding cap. The first and second arms are configured to move relative to the housing in first and second directions that are transverse to one another by deflecting the springs.

Abstract: An ozone-aided combustion system and method that provides for increased fuel efficiency and reduces the hydrocarbon output in internal combustion engines is disclosed. The system/method incorporates pre-combustion ozone production via an ozone generator to improve the ignition/combustion cycle in an internal combustion engine. Some preferred embodiments incorporate an air dryer for reducing the moisture content of the incoming air to improve ozone production over a range of ambient humidity conditions. Alternate preferred embodiments may incorporate a hydrolysis unit to generate dry oxygen to be added to the intake air stream of the ozone generator and/or hydrogen to be added to the downstream exhaust of the ozone generator to both enhance the production of ozone, improve the combustion efficiency of the internal combustion engine and to reduce the pollution generated by the engine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a ribonucleoside analogue in accordance with general formula I or II as herein defined, in admixture with a physiologically acceptable excipient diluent or carrier.

Abstract: A beam integrator system, which integrates multiple beams into fewer beams of increased intensity by using a combination of optical elements and lenses.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display and method of displaying multidimensional images involves a first lenticular array preferably of cylindrical lenses positioned between a viewer and a pixel array, and a second lenticular array also preferably of cylindrical lenses positioned between the first lenticular array and the viewer. The pixel array includes several pixel groups that project images through corresponding groups of first lenses within the first lenticular array. A pitch of the lenses within the second lenticular array differs from a pitch of the lenses in the first lens groups within the first lenticular array. The display can be manufactured or retrofit with the first and second lenticular arrays.

Abstract: An optical device and method is provided for shaping light beams (e.g. emitted from laser diodes) into various shapes and profiles using lenses with different fast and slow axis to combine the light beams generated from at least one light source (e.g. laser diodes).

Abstract: A display and method of displaying multidimensional images on an autostereoscopic display includes establishing a lenslet array to include a plurality of lens elements. There is an interlacing of a plurality of multiple images on the display with a fanning of the multiple images out into an angular array. The method establishes a plurality of views in a vertical and horizontal direction. A mapping of a plurality of views onto a plurality of pixels makes up the display and a three dimensional image is generated from the fanned out multiple images.

Abstract: A beam integrator system, which integrates multiple beams into fewer beams of increased intensity by using a combination of optical elements and lenses.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optical switching is described wherein a first optical input/output port and plurality of second optical input/output ports are coupled using an optical guiding assembly. An optical signal may thereby be movably directed between the first input/output port and a selected one of the second optical input/output ports. The optical guiding assembly includes a optical micro-element assembly and an actuator assembly which moveably directs the microlens assembly to a predetermined position corresponding to the selected one of the input/output ports. The actuator assembly includes a comb drive and the optical micro-element assembly includes an etched lens, a ball lens, a mirror, or the like.

Abstract: A flow conditioner for a steam turbine inlet includes an annular ring adapted to seat in a flange portion of an inlet in a turbine casing and a pair of wing portions extending from the annular ring in a flow direction, away from the annular ring. A related method of smoothing flow through an inlet of a steam turbine inlet casing wherein the inlet includes a circular flange and a non-circular transition portion extending between the annular flange and a main body portion of the steam turbine casing includes the steps of a) identifying surface discontinuities that disrupt flow of working fluid through the steam inlet; b) providing a flow conditioner that is shaped to conceal one or more of the surface discontinuities; and c) inserting the flow conditioner into the inlet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a ribonucleoside analogue in accordance with general formula I or II as herein defined, in admixture with a physiologically acceptable excipient diluent or carrier.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optical switching is described wherein a first optical input/output port and plurality of second optical input/output ports are coupled using an optical guiding assembly. An optical signal may thereby be movably directed between the first input/output port and a selected one of the second optical input/output ports. The optical guiding assembly includes a optical micro-element assembly and an actuator assembly which moveably directs the microlens assembly to a predetermined position corresponding to the selected one of the input/output ports. The actuator assembly includes a comb drive and the optical micro-element assembly includes an etched lens, a ball lens, a mirror, or the like.

Abstract: A display and method of displaying multidimensional images on an autostereoscopic display includes establishing a lenslet array to include a plurality of lens elements. There is an interlacing of a plurality of multiple images on the display with a fanning of the multiple images out into an angular array. The method establishes a plurality of views in a vertical and horizontal direction. A mapping of a plurality of views onto a plurality of pixels makes up the display and a three dimensional image is generated from the fanned out multiple images.

Abstract: A multi-aperture irradiation profile shaping system is presented that uses at least one arrangement of at least three apertures associated with a plurality of optical elements, wherein at least one optical element has positive optical power and another one element has negative optical power. The system may be implemented with the apertures in one, two, or three dimensions. The system yields a predetermined arbitrary irradiation profile on a target. The shape of the apertures may be any one of square, rectangular, and hexagonal. The shape of the apertures may also be asymmetric so that a rotation of the aperture shape by 180 degrees around an axis perpendicular to the surface of the aperture yields an inverted aperture shape. The system may be implemented with apertures having symmetric and asymmetric shapes that allow nearly 100% fill factor.

Abstract: A projection eyepiece and method for aligning pattern areas on a substrate surface having a micro-optical device on an opposite surface side of the substrate is disclosed. The projection eyepiece enables projection of a reticle image onto a first surface of a substrate, enabling receipt of a reflection of that reticle image from a micro-optical device located on a second and opposing surface of the substrate, and enabling comparison of the projected and received image to determine alignment of the point of incidence on the first surface with the micro-optical device of the second surface. The projection eyepiece therefore determines alignment of pattern areas on opposing substrate surfaces by comparing a projected reticle image to a reflection of that projected reticle image.

Abstract: A structure and method for circularizing and collimating incident light involves a substrate having first and second opposing surfaces, a first anamorphic surface positioned on the first surface and a second anamorphic microlens positioned on the second surface, the first and second surfaces being separated by a distance defined by the distance required for the first anamorphic microlens to circularize the incident light. A single microlens structure used to circularize and collimate incident light is manufactured by identifying aligned portions on opposing surfaces of a substrate, and forming microlenses on each of the aligned portions of the opposing substrate surfaces identified. The microlenses formed on the opposing substrate surfaces are fabricated from a high-index material such as GaP.

Abstract: A system and method for achieving alignment of a mask and substrate focuses a first image (e.g., a reticle) on a first position of a first substrate surface, and determines whether the first position is aligned with a second position on an opposing second substrate surface based on a second image formed based on light from a micro-optical device located on the second surface which collects light from a first image focused thereon. To determine whether the first and second positions are aligned, the first image and the second image are projected on an image plane and compared, the first and second positions being aligned when the first image and the second image are coincident on the image plane. A mask and/or alignment pattern may be formed on the opposing substrate surfaces, and used to generate aligned optics on those surfaces. As such, precise alignment between optics on opposing surfaces of a substrate can be achieved.

Abstract: Novel thiazolyl peptide antibiotic compounds, including nocathiacin I, II and III, are disclosed. Also, novel microorganism ATCC-202099 is disclosed.