Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of treating a cancer in a subject having an established adenosine fingerprint. An established adenosine fingerprint includes assessing the blood concentration of one or more adenosine machinery proteins, assessing the enzymatic activity of one or more adenosine machinery proteins, and/or assessing the tumor expression level of adenosine machinery proteins. The methods disclosed herein include administering to said subjects a therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of an agent targeting the extracellular production of adenosine, and an agent antagonizing the activation by adenosine of one of its receptors.