Abstract: An Indicator that visually signals when it is time to start and stop watering by the Indicator's ability to distinctively change it's relative physical size and/or shape as it takes on and releases the water.

Abstract: A method of controlling the movement of biosolids before, during, and after land application. This method aids in management of the problematic movement (i.e., runoff and leaching) of biosolids' components that have been shown to be harmful to human and/or environmental health through both direct and indirect routes of exposure. This method requires that water-soluble polyacrylamide(s) (WSPAM) be combined with the biosolids prior to land exposure.