Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: Novel systems and methods for performing treatment (e.g., coloration) of keratinous fibers are disclosed. The methods and systems utilize one or more of a dispensing device which is configured to provide customized composition for treating keratinous fibers (e.g., a coloring composition), optionally formed from tablets; an optical reader, for obtaining sufficient characteristics of the keratinous fibers to make a realistic prediction of the outcome of a treatment (e.g., coloring treatment); a computational units for predicting an outcome of a treatment, optionally being interfaced with the dispensing device and for selecting a customized treatment; and tablet formulations which are useful in preparing customized composition for treating keratinous fibers. Further disclosed are rapidly disintegrating tablets for use in the preparation of compositions for treating keratinous fibers.

Abstract: A thermo-electric cooling (TEC) system is presented for cooling of a device, such a laser for example. The TECT system comprises first and second heat pumping assemblies, and a control unit associated at least with said second heat pumping assembly. Each heat pumping assembly has a heat source from which heat is pumped and a heat drain through which pumped heat is dissipated. The at least first and second heat pumping assemblies are arranged in a cascade relationship having at least one thermal interface between the heat source of the second heat pumping assembly and the heat drain of the first heat pumping assembly, the heat source of the first heat pumping assembly being thermally coupled to the electronic device which is to be cooled by evacuating heat therefrom.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to devices and methods for analyzing hair and/or predicting an outcome of hair-coloring treatment. disclosed is method of predicting a result of a hair-color-modifying treatment on a sample of hair, the method comprising: a. for each given region of a plurality of distinct regions, respectively measuring a region-specific spectrum of respective material of the hair-sample respectively disposed within the given region; and b. computing first and second predicted post-treatment spectra respectively from first and second initial spectra by respectively predicting a transformation of the first and second initial spectra following subjecting the sample of hair to the hair-color-modifying treatment, the first and second initial spectra being distinct and (i) derived from the plurality of measured region-specific spectra and/or (ii) corresponding to first and second of the measured region-specific spectra.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for customized hair-coloring is disclosed. In some embodiments the method comprises: a. performing a plurality of light-scattering measurements upon a sample of hair such that for each light-scattering measurement, the sample of hair is illuminated from a different respective direction; b. comparing the results of the light-scattering measurements; c. in accordance with results of the comparing, computing an initial damage-state of hair of the sample by comparing the results of the light-scattering measurements; d. obtaining an initial color-state of the hair of the sample; and e. computing a hair-coloring composition that is predicted to transform the hair sample from the initial color-state to a target color-state such that in response to a determining of a greater (lesser) extent of initial damage, a concentration of artificial- colorant(s) within the computed coloring composition is reduced (increased).

Abstract: Novel systems and methods for performing treatment (e.g., coloration) of keratinous fibers are disclosed. The methods and systems utilize one or more of a dispensing device which is configured to provide customized composition for treating keratinous fibers (e.g., a coloring composition), optionally formed from tablets; an optical reader, for obtaining sufficient characteristics of the keratinous fibers to make a realistic prediction of the outcome of a treatment (e.g., coloring treatment); a computational units for predicting an outcome of a treatment, optionally being interfaced with the dispensing device and for selecting a customized treatment; and tablet formulations which are useful in preparing customized composition for treating keratinous fibers. Further disclosed are rapidly disintegrating tablets for use in the preparation of compositions for treating keratinous fibers.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to hair readers, dispenser devices, and related systems and methods. For example the present application relates to a method of optically acquiring data from keratinous fibers, the method comprising: a. illuminating the keratinous fibers such that light reflected and/or deflected and/or transmitted by the fibers is incident upon a detector and converted into electrical signals by the detector; and b. computing, from electrical signals, a plurality of spectra of the keratinous fibers such that each spectrum of the plurality of spectra respectively corresponds to (i) a different respective portion of the keratinous fibers and/or (ii) material within a different sub-region of space within which at least a portion of the keratinous fibers are disposed.

Abstract: Novel systems and methods for performing treatment (e.g., coloration) of keratinous fibers are disclosed. The methods and systems utilize one or more of a dispensing device which is configured to provide customized composition for treating keratinous fibers (e.g., a coloring composition), optionally formed from tablets; an optical reader, for obtaining sufficient characteristics of the keratinous fibers to make a realistic prediction of the outcome of a treatment (e.g., coloring treatment); a computational units for predicting an outcome of a treatment, optionally being interfaced with the dispensing device and for selecting a customized treatment; and tablet formulations which are useful in preparing customized composition for treating keratinous fibers. Further disclosed are rapidly disintegrating tablets for use in the preparation of compositions for treating keratinous fibers.

Abstract: Novel systems and methods for performing treatment (e.g., coloration) of keratinous fibers are disclosed. The methods and systems utilize one or more of a dispensing device which is configured to provide customized composition for treating keratinous fibers (e.g., a coloring composition), optionally formed from tablets; an optical reader, for obtaining sufficient characteristics of the keratinous fibers to make a realistic prediction of the outcome of a treatment (e.g., coloring treatment); a computational units for predicting an outcome of a treatment, optionally being interfaced with the dispensing device and for selecting a customized treatment; and tablet formulations which are useful in preparing customized composition for treating keratinous fibers. Further disclosed are rapidly disintegrating tablets for use in the preparation of compositions for treating keratinous fibers.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: A thermo-electric cooling (TEC) system is presented for cooling of a device, such a laser for example. The TECT system comprises first and second heat pumping assemblies, and a control unit associated at least with said second heat pumping assembly. Each heat pumping assembly has a heat source from which heat is pumped and a heat drain through which pumped heat is dissipated. The at least first and second heat pumping assemblies are arranged in a cascade relationship having at least one thermal interface between the heat source of the second heat pumping assembly and the heat drain of the first heat pumping assembly, the heat source of the first heat pumping assembly being thermally coupled to the electronic device which is to be cooled by evacuating heat therefrom.

Abstract: Novel systems and methods for performing treatment (e.g., coloration) of keratinous fibers are disclosed. The methods and systems utilize one or more of a dispensing device which is configured to provide customized composition for treating keratinous fibers (e.g., a coloring composition), optionally formed from tablets; an optical reader, for obtaining sufficient characteristics of the keratinous fibers to make a realistic prediction of the outcome of a treatment (e.g., coloring treatment); a computational units for predicting an outcome of a treatment, optionally being interfaced with the dispensing device and for selecting a customized treatment; and tablet formulations which are useful in preparing customized composition for treating keratinous fibers. Further disclosed are rapidly disintegrating tablets for use in the preparation of compositions for treating keratinous fibers.

Abstract: A thermo-electric cooling (TEC) system is presented for cooling of a device, such a laser for example. The TECT system comprises first and second heat pumping assemblies, and a control unit associated at least with said second heat pumping assembly. Each heat pumping assembly has a heat source from which heat is pumped and a heat drain through which pumped heat is dissipated. The at least first and second heat pumping assemblies are arranged in a cascade relationship having at least one thermal interface between the heat source of the second heat pumping assembly and the heat drain of the first heat pumping assembly, the heat source of the first heat pumping assembly being thermally coupled to the electronic device which is to be cooled by evacuating heat therefrom.

Abstract: Novel systems and methods for performing treatment (e.g., coloration) of keratinous fibers are disclosed. The methods and systems utilize one or more of a dispensing device which is configured to provide customized composition for treating keratinous fibers (e.g., a coloring composition), optionally formed from tablets; an optical reader, for obtaining sufficient characteristics of the keratinous fibers to make a realistic prediction of the outcome of a treatment (e.g., coloring treatment); a computational units for predicting an outcome of a treatment, optionally being interfaced with the dispensing device and for selecting a customized treatment; and tablet formulations which are useful in preparing customized composition for treating keratinous fibers. Further disclosed are rapidly disintegrating tablets for use in the preparation of compositions for treating keratinous fibers.

Abstract: Novel systems and methods for performing treatment (e.g., coloration) of keratinous fibers are disclosed. The methods and systems utilize one or more of a dispensing device which is configured to provide customized composition for treating keratinous fibers (e.g., a coloring composition), optionally formed from tablets; an optical reader, for obtaining sufficient characteristics of the keratinous fibers to make a realistic prediction of the outcome of a treatment (e.g., coloring treatment); a computational units for predicting an outcome of a treatment, optionally being interfaced with the dispensing device and for selecting a customized treatment; and tablet formulations which are useful in preparing customized composition for treating keratinous fibers. Further disclosed are rapidly disintegrating tablets for use in the preparation of compositions for treating keratinous fibers.

Abstract: Novel systems and methods for performing treatment (e.g., coloration) of keratinous fibers are disclosed. The methods and systems utilize one or more of a dispensing device which is configured to provide customized composition for treating keratinous fibers (e.g., a coloring composition), optionally formed from tablets; an optical reader, for obtaining sufficient characteristics of the keratinous fibers to make a realistic prediction of the outcome of a treatment (e.g., coloring treatment); a computational units for predicting an outcome of a treatment, optionally being interfaced with the dispensing device and for selecting a customized treatment; and tablet formulations which are useful in preparing customized composition for treating keratinous fibers. Further disclosed are rapidly disintegrating tablets for use in the preparation of compositions for treating keratinous fibers.

Abstract: A thermo-electric cooling (TEC) system is presented for cooling of a device, such a laser for example. The TECT system comprises first and second heat pumping assemblies, and a control unit associated at least with said second heat pumping assembly. Each heat pumping assembly has a heat source from which heat is pumped and a heat drain through which pumped heat is dissipated. The at least first and second heat pumping assemblies are arranged in a cascade relationship having at least one thermal interface between the heat source of the second heat pumping assembly and the heat drain of the first heat pumping assembly, the heat source of the first heat pumping assembly being thermally coupled to the electronic device which is to be cooled by evacuating heat therefrom.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrometer includes: a terahertz-wave emitter and a terahertz receiver elements. The terahertz wave generated by means of generating beat frequency corresponding to the difference between two rapidly tunable continuous wave lasers. Having a difference in time between the interrogating signal and the reference signal at the receiver end side, which corresponds to intermediate frequency (IF), not centered around the baseband, i.e. zero Hertz. The offset step size of the intermediate frequency from zero Hertz is linearly correlated to the position of the interrogated object position.

Abstract: In an optical inspection tool, an image of an object under inspection, such as a semiconductor wafer, may be obtained using imaging optics defining a focal plane. Light comprising the image can be detected using multiple detectors which each register a portion of the image. The image of the object at the focal plane can be split into two, three, or more parts by mirrors or other suitable reflecting elements positioned tangent to the focal plane and/or with at least some portion at the focal plane with additional portions past the focal plane so that the focal plane lies between the imaging optics and the splitting apparatus. In some embodiments, reflective planes may be arranged to direct different portions to different detectors. Some reflective planes may be separated by a gap so that some portions of the light are directed while some portions pass through the gap.