Abstract: This disclosure provides techniques for executing a software program by separating a dynamic link editor from a process executing the software program. For example, the dynamic link editor can reside outside of the process being dynamically linked and would perform dynamic linking operations for the process before the process executes its first instruction. Such techniques optionally complement or replace other methods for executing a software program.

Abstract: A metrological apparatus has a surface data determiner to determine from measurement data a measured surface roughness data set (150) representing measured surface roughness and including any vibration induced measurement error and a harmonic model provider (120) providing a harmonic model representing vibration-induced surface characteristics of the surface as a set of harmonic components selected based on a surface form of the surface of the workpiece. A surface roughness determiner (140) uses the harmonic model and the measured surface roughness data to obtain a modified surface roughness data set in which vibration induced measurement error is suppressed.

Abstract: In respective measurement operations on a first sample surface area having a layer structure (81) and a characterized second sample surface area (82), light reflected by the region of the sample surface and the reference surface interfere and a sensing device (10) senses light intensity representing interference fringes at intervals during the relative movement along a measurement scan path to provide first intensity data in the form of a first series of intensity values resulting from a measurement operation on the first sample surface area and second intensity data in the form of a second series of intensity values resulting from a measurement operation on the second sample surface area.

Abstract: In respective measurement operations on a first sample surface area having a layer structure (81) and a characterised second sample surface area (82), light reflected by the region of the sample surface and the reference surface interfere and a sensing device (10) senses light intensity representing interference fringes at intervals during the relative movement along a measurement scan path to provide first intensity data in the form of a first series of intensity values resulting from a measurement operation on the first sample surface area and second intensity data in the form of a second series of intensity values resulting from a measurement operation on the second sample surface area.

Abstract: A surface profiling apparatus for providing surface profile information for a sample surface. This apparatus includes: support means for supporting a sample having a non-planar surface; light directing means for directing broadband light to an interference zone along first and second light paths; moving means for causing relative movement between the sample surface and a non-uniform sample light beam; and compensating means for compensating for the difference between the two path lengths caused by this relative movement. The first light path includes the sample surface and the second light path includes a non-planar reference surface. The light directing means comprises shaping means operable to shape the beams of light to form: a non-uniform reference light beam with a wavefront substantially matching the reference surface along the second light path; and the sample light beam with a beam profile substantially matching the reference light beam profile along the first light path.

Abstract: A non-expanding bullet platform may comprise a modular jacket having an internal nose cavity and an internal heel cavity. The cavities may be separated by a divider. The cavities may be filled with suitable materials to produce various types of non-expanding bullets, such as military ball, trace, armor piercing, etc. Inventive non-expanding bullets may comprise full metal jacketed bullets or may have exposed material. The inventive bullets may be non-expanding, wherein the diameter of the bullet does not substantially increase upon impacting soft tissue.

Abstract: An interferometer system (2) directs light along a sample path (SP) towards a sample surface (7) and along a reference path (RP) towards a reference surface (6) such that light reflected by the region of the sample surface and light reflected by the reference surface interfere. During relative movement along a scan path between the sample and reference surfaces, sensing elements (SE) sense the interference fringes produced by corresponding surface region at intervals to provide a set of intensity data for each surface region. A coherence peak position determiner (201) determines from the set of intensity data for a surface region height data representing a position on the scan path that corresponds to the height of the surface region. An amplitude determiner (202) determines amplitude data representing the amplitude of the intensity data at the determined height position.

Abstract: Apparatus for surface measurement has a grating interferometer with a curved diffraction grating carried on a pivotal support arm of a probe for contacting a surface. The probe is biased into contact with a surface by an electromagnetic coil acting on an armature, or a pair of such biasing arrangements. A laser diode illuminates the grating to produce a pair of first order diffracted beams of opposite sign which are reflected from internal faces of a prism, and combined by a diachronic central layer of the prism and a pair of beam splitters. Output signals from the beam splitters are supplied to a signal processing circuit having a fringe counter and an interpolator. The fringe counter detects zero crossings of the signals and the interpolator maintains a digital estimate of the phase of the signals and updates the estimate when the phase difference between the estimate and the input signals exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring surface roughness utilizes diffraction patterns derived from the surface under test. The energies in the different orders are detected and processed utilizing various different algorithms dependent upon a number of factors such as the number of orders in the diffraction pattern and asymmetry in the diffraction pattern. Various filter functions both for the diffraction pattern itself and for values of surface roughness after measurement are disclosed. One algorithm for measuring surface roughness involves comparison of values representing the energy orders with reference values, preferably reference values obtained by an interpolation operation between one set of reference values representative of a diffraction pattern from a symmetrical surface and another set representative of a diffraction pattern from an asymmetrical surface.

Abstract: A new cultivar of Pandorea, ‘PWS01’, that is characterized by its flowers that orange in color with creamy white on the inner surface of the lobes and suffused with purple-red when they are newly opened, its lush green foliage with small leaves and short internodes, its well-branched stems, and its moderate growth habit.