Abstract: An apparatus comprising: a medical tool moveable to a desired orientation relative to a bone region for implantation of a medical implant; and an electronic orientation sensor transitionable between a first location fixed relative to the bone region of the patient and a second location on the medical tool; wherein, at the first location, the orientation sensor is adapted to record a reference orientation of the bone region of the patient, and, at the second location, the orientation sensor is adapted to determine an orientation of the medical tool relative to the reference orientation, wherein recording the reference orientation comprises measuring a gravity vector relative to the orientation sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: a medical tool moveable to a desired orientation relative to a bone region for implantation of a medical implant; and an electronic orientation sensor transitionable between a first location fixed relative to the bone region of the patient and a second location on the medical tool; wherein, at the first location, the orientation sensor is adapted to record a reference orientation of the bone region of the patient, and, at the second location, the orientation sensor is adapted to determine an orientation of the medical tool relative to the reference orientation, wherein recording the reference orientation comprises measuring a gravity vector relative to the orientation sensor.

Abstract: Scanning apparatus is described that includes a scanning device and a processor. The scanning device includes a scanner to scan an anatomical region to obtain scan data and at least one movement sensor to monitor movement of the scanning device to obtain movement data. The processor determines a model of the anatomical region from the scan data and determines placement of the anatomical region from the movement data.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: a medical tool moveable to a desired orientation relative to a bone region for implantation of a medical implant; and an electronic orientation sensor transitionable between a first location fixed relative to the bone region of the patient and a second location on the medical tool; wherein, at the first location, the orientation sensor is adapted to record a reference orientation of the bone region of the patient, and, at the second location, the orientation sensor is adapted to determine an orientation of the medical tool relative to the reference orientation, wherein recording the reference orientation comprises measuring a gravity vector relative to the orientation sensor.