Abstract: A short-pulse laser system includes a first and a second resonator, and an amplification means for amplifying the electromagnetic pulses both in the first and in the second resonator. The first resonator supports precisely one first linear polarization state, and the second resonator supports precisely one second linear polarization state perpendicular to the first polarization state. The short-pulse laser system has first and second birefringent material sections.

Abstract: An apparatus for time-resolved capture of pulsed electromagnetic radio frequency radiation includes a generator being so adapted that in operation of the apparatus the generator produces pulses of the electromagnetic radio frequency radiation, a detector being so adapted that in operation of the apparatus the detector captures the field strength of the pulses reflected by a sample as a function of time, and a distance measurement system and an evaluation device connected to the detector and the distance measurement system. The distance measurement system is so adapted that in operation of the apparatus the distance measurement system captures a change in a distance between the generator and the sample and/or between the sample and the detector as a function of time.

Abstract: A short-pulse laser system for generating electromagnetic pulses includes: a first resonator having a first beam path and a first resonator length; a second resonator having a second beam path and a second resonator length; and an amplification medium. The amplification medium is arranged both in the first beam path of the first resonator and in the second beam path of the second resonator. The system and method for generating optical pulses enables the generation of a first and a second pulse with an adjustable time delay at high sampling rates. The first resonator of the system is designed such that it supports precisely one first polarization state of the electromagnetic pulses and the second resonator is designed such that it supports precisely one second polarization state. The first and second polarization states are orthogonal to one another and designed with lengths that are variable relative to one another.

Abstract: A method of spectrometry on a spatially extensive sample with generation of a measure in respect of a match of a detected spectrum of a first generation with a single or a plurality of predetermined comparative spectra of chemical substances is disclosed. The method includes the steps: determining at least one location of the first generation on the sample, irradiating the sample with electromagnetic radiation with a plurality of frequencies or a frequency band between 1 GHz and 30 THz at the given location of the first generation of a first order on the sample, frequency-resolved detection of a measure in respect of the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation irradiated on to the sample at the location of the first generation and transmitted or reflected by the sample as the spectrum of the first generation, and calculating a respective measure in respect of a match of the detected spectrum of the first generation with one of the comparative spectra.

Abstract: A method of spectrometry on a spatially extensive sample with generation of a measure in respect of a match of a detected spectrum of a first generation with a single or a plurality of predetermined comparative spectra of chemical substances is disclosed. The method includes the steps: determining at least one location of the first generation on the sample, irradiating the sample with electromagnetic radiation with a plurality of frequencies or a frequency band between 1 GHz and 30 THz at the given location of the first generation of a first order on the sample, frequency-resolved detection of a measure in respect of the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation irradiated on to the sample at the location of the first generation and transmitted or reflected by the sample as the spectrum of the first generation, and calculating a respective measure in respect of a match of the detected spectrum of the first generation with one of the comparative spectra.

Abstract: A short-pulse laser system for generating electromagnetic pulses includes: a first resonator having a first beam path and a first resonator length; a second resonator having a second beam path and a second resonator length; and an amplification medium. The amplification medium is arranged both in the first beam path of the first resonator and in the second beam path of the second resonator. The system and method for generating optical pulses enables the generation of a first and a second pulse with an adjustable time delay at high sampling rates. The first resonator of the system is designed such that it supports precisely one first polarization state of the electromagnetic pulses and the second resonator is designed such that it supports precisely one second polarization state. The first and second polarization states are orthogonal to one another and designed with lengths that are variable relative to one another.

Abstract: To support a deck of an exercise treadmill one or more arcuate leaf springs are used in a deck support structure. The leaf springs can be made of a single member of elastomeric material. An adjustment mechanism can be used to changed the radius of the leaf springs in order to vary spring rates of the leaf springs. Where a number of different leaf springs are used, the adjustment mechanism can be used to adjust the spring rates of different springs independently.