Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for executing a cache replacement algorithm. A system includes a computer processor having an instruction processor, a cache and one or more useful indicators. The instruction processor processes instructions in a running program. The cache includes two or more cache levels including a level one (L1) cache level and one or more higher cache levels. Each cache level includes one or more cache lines and has an associated directory having one or more directory entries. A useful indicator is located within one or more of the directory entries and is associated with a particular cache line. The useful indicator is set to provide an indication that the associated cache line contains one or more instructions that are required by the running program and cleared to provide lack of such an indication.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for executing a cache replacement algorithm. A system includes a computer processor having an instruction processor, a cache and one or more useful indicators. The instruction processor processes instructions in a running program. The cache includes two or more cache levels including a level one (L1) cache level and one or more higher cache levels. Each cache level includes one or more cache lines and has an associated directory having one or more directory entries. A useful indicator is located within one or more of the directory entries and is associated with a particular cache line. The useful indicator is set to provide an indication that the associated cache line contains one or more instructions that are required by the running program and cleared to provide lack of such an indication.

Abstract: A hardware monitor is used to monitor the sequence of instructions executed during a miss cluster. The monitor groups each cache miss into a miss cluster, and the miss penalty associated with each cluster is determined by identifying a set of instructions that were executed during the miss cluster. The finite cache running time is then calculated for the set of instructions that occurred during the miss cluster. Additionally, an infinite cache running time is determined for the same set of instructions that occurred during the miss cluster, where the infinite cache running time is the time needed to execute this set of instructions in the absence of any miss. The cost of the miss cluster is then calculated by measuring the difference between the finite cache running time and the infinite cache running time.

Abstract: A series of screens for use with a size reduction machine have a tapered apertured wall formed into a frusto-conical shape, with an open wide end and a narrow closed end. All screens of a particular series have a cylindrical section, the same interior depth, outside diameter and angle of the tapered wall. Despite variations in the material wall thickness, screens of the same series are interchangeable on a size reduction machine and the gap can remain constant without any adjustment to the impeller. Further, a size reduction machine has means external to the machine providing for infinite adjustments to the gap. With previous machines, each time that a screen of a different thickness was used, it was necessary to make an adjustment to the gap in order to maintain the same gap. Further, when an adjustment to the gap is required, that is accomplished by removing the screen and impeller from the machine and inserting spacers onto the shaft.

Abstract: A series of screens for use with a size reduction machine have a tapered apertured wall formed into a frusto-conical shape, with an open wide end and a narrow closed end. All screens of a particular series have a cylindrical section, the same interior depth, outside diameter and angle of the tapered wall. Despite variations in the material wall thickness, screens of the same series are interchangeable on a size reduction machine and the gap can remain constant without any adjustment to the impeller. Further, a size reduction machine has means external to the machine providing for infinite adjustments to the gap. With previous machines, each time that a screen of a different thickness was used, it was necessary to make an adjustment to the gap in order to maintain the same gap. Further, when an adjustment to the gap is required, that is accomplished by removing the screen and impeller from the machine and inserting spacers onto the shaft.

Abstract: A series of screens for use with a size reduction machine have a tapered apertured wall formed into a frusto-conial shape, with an open wide end and a narrow closed end. All screens of a particular series have a cylindrical section, the same interior depth, outside diameter and angle of the tapered wall. Despite variations in the material wall thickness, screens of the same series are interchangeable on a size reduction machine and the gap can remain constant without any adjustment to the impeller. Further, a size reduction machine has means external to the machine providing for infinite adjustments to the gap. With previous machines, each time that a screen of a different thickness was used, it was necessary to make an adjustment to the gap in order to maintain the same gap. Further, when an adjustment to the gap is required, that is accomplished by removing the screen and impeller from the machine and inserting spacers onto the shaft.