Abstract: Provided herein is a method of characterising a target polynucleotide as it moves with respect to a nanopore using a motor protein. Also provided are polynucleotide adapters and kits comprising such adapters. The methods, kits and adapters find use in characterising polynucleotides, for example in sequencing.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting a transfer of an endpoint device are disclosed. For example, the method receives an indication of a transfer of an endpoint device to a new user by a service provider. The method then notifies a subscriber associated with the endpoint device that the indication of the transfer was received by the service provider.

Abstract: A system (100) and method of improving activation security allows a remote device (104) to identify that there is a difference between a first signal transmitted by a central site (102) and a first signal received by the remote device. A derived number is used. The derived number can be displayed to the user for verbal verification by the user, or the derived number can be used internally of the remote device, or the central site, for verification that is transparent to the user. A significant amount of security is added without substantially altering the communication protocol.

Abstract: A system (100) and method of improving activation security allows a remote device (104) to identify that there is a difference between a first signal transmitted by a central site (102) and a first signal received by the remote device. A derived number is used. The derived number can be displayed to the user for verbal verification by the user, or the derived number can be used internally of the remote device, or the central site, for verification that is transparent to the user. A significant amount of security is added without substantially altering the communication protocol.

Abstract: Radio frequency based cellular telecommunication systems often require both subscriber units and communication units of a fixed network communication system to maintain secret data which may be used to verify authenticity as well as provide encrypting variables for message encryption processes. An efficient real-time authentication method and apparatus are provided which use a single message to provide authentication and communication link setup information. Further, an authentication method and apparatus are provided which uses instant-specific information such as a time of day, radio frequency carrier frequency, a time slot number, a radio port number, access manager identifier, a radio port control unit identifier, or a base site controller identifier to enhance the reliability of the authentication process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for authenticating a roaming subscriber. In a preferred embodiment, a subscriber receives a challenge that is in a format of a local authentication protocol, and determines whether the local authentication protocol is the subseriber's home system authentication protocol. If it is not, the subscriber converts the challenge into a format (e.g., bit length) compatible with its home system authentication protocol, and processes the converted challenge with the subscriber's secret key and authentication algorithm into an authentication response. The authentication response is converted to be compatible with the local authentication protocol, and transmitted to a local system communication unit. The challenge and response is then forwarded to the subscriber's home system for similar conversion and processing, and subscriber's response is compared against a home system generated response.