Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for using multi-task neural networks. One of the methods includes receiving a first network input and data identifying a first machine learning task to be performed on the first network input; selecting a path through the plurality of layers in a super neural network that is specific to the first machine learning task, the path specifying, for each of the layers, a proper subset of the modular neural networks in the layer that are designated as active when performing the first machine learning task; and causing the super neural network to process the first network input using (i) for each layer, the modular neural networks in the layer that are designated as active by the selected path and (ii) the set of one or more output layers corresponding to the identified first machine learning task.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training an actor neural network used to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment. One of the methods includes obtaining a minibatch of experience tuples; and updating current values of the parameters of the actor neural network, comprising: for each experience tuple in the minibatch: processing the training observation and the training action in the experience tuple using a critic neural network to determine a neural network output for the experience tuple, and determining a target neural network output for the experience tuple; updating current values of the parameters of the critic neural network using errors between the target neural network outputs and the neural network outputs; and updating the current values of the parameters of the actor neural network using the critic neural network.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for using multi-task neural networks. One of the methods includes receiving a first network input and data identifying a first machine learning task to be performed on the first network input; selecting a path through the plurality of layers in a super neural network that is specific to the first machine learning task, the path specifying, for each of the layers, a proper subset of the modular neural networks in the layer that are designated as active when performing the first machine learning task; and causing the super neural network to process the first network input using (i) for each layer, the modular neural networks in the layer that are designated as active by the selected path and (ii) the set of one or more output layers corresponding to the identified first machine learning task.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for compressing images using neural networks. One of the methods includes receiving an image; processing the image using an encoder neural network, wherein the encoder neural network is configured to receive the image and to process the image to generate an output defining values of a first number of latent variables that each represent a feature of the image; generating a compressed representation of the image using the output defining the values of the first number of latent variables; and providing the compressed representation of the image for use in generating a reconstruction of the image.

Abstract: A neural network system is proposed. The neural network can be trained by model-based reinforcement learning to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment, to perform a task in an attempt to achieve a specified result. The system may comprise at least one imagination core which receives a current observation characterizing a current state of the environment, and optionally historical observations, and which includes a model of the environment. The imagination core may be configured to output trajectory data in response to the current observation, and/or historical observations. The trajectory data comprising a sequence of future features of the environment imagined by the imagination core. The system may also include a rollout encoder to encode the features, and an output stage to receive data derived from the rollout embedding and to output action policy data for identifying an action based on the current observation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for environment simulation. In one aspect, a system comprises a recurrent neural network configured to, at each of a plurality of time steps, receive a preceding action for a preceding time step, update a preceding initial hidden state of the recurrent neural network from the preceding time step using the preceding action, update a preceding cell state of the recurrent neural network from the preceding time step using at least the initial hidden state for the time step, and determine a final hidden state for the time step using the cell state for the time step. The system further comprises a decoder neural network configured to receive the final hidden state for the time step and process the final hidden state to generate a predicted observation characterizing a predicted state of the environment at the time step.

Abstract: A neural network system is proposed to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment to perform a task in an attempt to achieve a specified result. The system may include a controller to receive state data and context data, and to output action data. The system may also include an imagination module to receive the state and action data, and to output consequent state data. The system may also include a manager to receive the state data and the context data, and to output route data which defines whether the system is to execute an action or to imagine. The system may also include a memory to store the context data.

Abstract: A neural network system is proposed. The neural network can be trained by model-based reinforcement learning to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment, to perform a task in an attempt to achieve a specified result. The system may comprise at least one imagination core which receives a current observation characterizing a current state of the environment, and optionally historical observations, and which includes a model of the environment. The imagination core may be configured to output trajectory data in response to the current observation, and/or historical observations. The trajectory data comprising a sequence of future features of the environment imagined by the imagination core. The system may also include a rollout encoder to encode the features, and an output stage to receive data derived from the rollout embedding and to output action policy data for identifying an action based on the current observation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training an actor neural network used to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment. One of the methods includes obtaining a minibatch of experience tuples; and updating current values of the parameters of the actor neural network, comprising: for each experience tuple in the minibatch: processing the training observation and the training action in the experience tuple using a critic neural network to determine a neural network output for the experience tuple, and determining a target neural network output for the experience tuple; updating current values of the parameters of the critic neural network using errors between the target neural network outputs and the neural network outputs; and updating the current values of the parameters of the actor neural network using the critic neural network.

Abstract: A neural network system is proposed to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment to perform a task in an attempt to achieve a specified result. The system may include a controller to receive state data and context data, and to output action data. The system may also include an imagination module to receive the state and action data, and to output consequent state data. The system may also include a manager to receive the state data and the context data, and to output route data which defines whether the system is to execute an action or to imagine. The system may also include a memory to store the context data.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for using multi-task neural networks. One of the methods includes receiving a first network input and data identifying a first machine learning task to be performed on the first network input; selecting a path through the plurality of layers in a super neural network that is specific to the first machine learning task, the path specifying, for each of the layers, a proper subset of the modular neural networks in the layer that are designated as active when performing the first machine learning task; and causing the super neural network to process the first network input using (i) for each layer, the modular neural networks in the layer that are designated as active by the selected path and (ii) the set of one or more output layers corresponding to the identified first machine learning task.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for environment simulation. In one aspect, a system comprises a recurrent neural network configured to, at each of a plurality of time steps, receive a preceding action for a preceding time step, update a preceding initial hidden state of the recurrent neural network from the preceding time step using the preceding action, update a preceding cell state of the recurrent neural network from the preceding time step using at least the initial hidden state for the time step, and determine a final hidden state for the time step using the cell state for the time step. The system further comprises a decoder neural network configured to receive the final hidden state for the time step and process the final hidden state to generate a predicted observation characterizing a predicted state of the environment at the time step.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training an actor neural network used to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment. One of the methods includes obtaining a minibatch of experience tuples; and updating current values of the parameters of the actor neural network, comprising: for each experience tuple in the minibatch: processing the training observation and the training action in the experience tuple using a critic neural network to determine a neural network output for the experience tuple, and determining a target neural network output for the experience tuple; updating current values of the parameters of the critic neural network using errors between the target neural network outputs and the neural network outputs; and updating the current values of the parameters of the actor neural network using the critic neural network.

Abstract: A neural network system is proposed. The neural network can be trained by model-based reinforcement learning to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment, to perform a task in an attempt to achieve a specified result. The system may comprise at least one imagination core which receives a current observation characterizing a current state of the environment, and optionally historical observations, and which includes a model of the environment. The imagination core may be configured to output trajectory data in response to the current observation, and/or historical observations. The trajectory data comprising a sequence of future features of the environment imagined by the imagination core. The system may also include a rollout encoder to encode the features, and an output stage to receive data derived from the rollout embedding and to output action policy data for identifying an action based on the current observation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for using multi-task neural networks. One of the methods includes receiving a first network input and data identifying a first machine learning task to be performed on the first network input; selecting a path through the plurality of layers in a super neural network that is specific to the first machine learning task, the path specifying, for each of the layers, a proper subset of the modular neural networks in the layer that are designated as active when performing the first machine learning task; and causing the super neural network to process the first network input using (i) for each layer, the modular neural networks in the layer that are designated as active by the selected path and (ii) the set of one or more output layers corresponding to the identified first machine learning task.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for environment simulation. In one aspect, a system comprises a recurrent neural network configured to, at each of a plurality of time steps, receive a preceding action for a preceding time step, update a preceding initial hidden state of the recurrent neural network from the preceding time step using the preceding action, update a preceding cell state of the recurrent neural network from the preceding time step using at least the initial hidden state for the time step, and determine a final hidden state for the time step using the cell state for the time step. The system further comprises a decoder neural network configured to receive the final hidden state for the time step and process the final hidden state to generate a predicted observation characterizing a predicted state of the environment at the time step.

Abstract: A neural network system is proposed. The neural network can be trained by model-based reinforcement learning to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment, to perform a task in an attempt to achieve a specified result. The system may comprise at least one imagination core which receives a current observation characterizing a current state of the environment, and optionally historical observations, and which includes a model of the environment. The imagination core may be configured to output trajectory data in response to the current observation, and/or historical observations. The trajectory data comprising a sequence of future features of the environment imagined by the imagination core. The system may also include a rollout encoder to encode the features, and an output stage to receive data derived from the rollout embedding and to output action policy data for identifying an action based on the current observation.

Abstract: A neural network system is proposed to select actions to be performed by an agent interacting with an environment to perform a task in an attempt to achieve a specified result. The system may include a controller to receive state data and context data, and to output action data. The system may also include an imagination module to receive the state and action data, and to output consequent state data. The system may also include a manager to receive the state data and the context data, and to output route data which defines whether the system is to execute an action or to imagine. The system may also include a memory to store the context data.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for compressing images using neural networks. One of the methods includes receiving an image; processing the image using an encoder neural network, wherein the encoder neural network is configured to receive the image and to process the image to generate an output defining values of a first number of latent variables that each represent a feature of the image; generating a compressed representation of the image using the output defining the values of the first number of latent variables; and providing the compressed representation of the image for use in generating a reconstruction of the image.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for using multi-task neural networks. One of the methods includes receiving a first network input and data identifying a first machine learning task to be performed on the first network input; selecting a path through the plurality of layers in a super neural network that is specific to the first machine learning task, the path specifying, for each of the layers, a proper subset of the modular neural networks in the layer that are designated as active when performing the first machine learning task; and causing the super neural network to process the first network input using (i) for each layer, the modular neural networks in the layer that are designated as active by the selected path and (ii) the set of one or more output layers corresponding to the identified first machine learning task.