Abstract: A fluid dispenser system is disclosed that can have a plurality of dispensers, each having a valve. Each valve can be connectable in series with another valve. The dispenser system can include a manifold permitting passage of a common fluid therethrough. Any of the valves connected to two adjacent valves can be removable without removing either of the valves to which it is connected. The common fluid can have a fluid pressure associated therewith. The fluid pressure can generate a tension force for pushing two adjacent valves apart and thereby lock the valves into a series connection. A method of removing a valve from a series of valves comprises stopping flow of the common fluid through the manifold, thereby releasing the tension force. The valve intended to be removed can be rotated, and thus removed with respect to the valve intended to be left in the series connection.

Abstract: A fluid dispenser system is disclosed that can have a plurality of dispensers, each having a valve. Each valve can be connectable in series with another valve. The dispenser system can include a manifold permitting passage of a common fluid therethrough. Any of the valves connected to two adjacent valves can be removable without removing either of the valves to which it is connected. The common fluid can have a fluid pressure associated therewith. The fluid pressure can generate a tension force for pushing two adjacent valves apart and thereby lock the valves into a series connection. A method of removing a valve from a series of valves comprises stopping flow of the common fluid through the manifold, thereby releasing the tension force. The valve intended to be removed can be rotated, and thus removed with respect to the valve intended to be left in the series connection.

Abstract: Methods are provided for re-ranking documents based on user-specific features. Search results are received from a non-contextual ranking system such that the search results are not specific toward a particular user, such as the user who submitted the search query. Contextual signals are received and provide user-specific features that are used to re-rank documents so that the most important and relevant documents are listed at the top of the list of search results. Each of the user-specific features are evaluated and compared to determine a new position of each document. A set of contextual search results is then generated based on the new positions.

Abstract: Methods are provided for re-ranking documents based on user-specific features. Search results are received from a non-contextual ranking system such that the search results are not specific toward a particular user, such as the user who submitted the search query. Contextual signals are received and provide user-specific features that are used to re-rank documents so that the most important and relevant documents are listed at the top of the list of search results. Each of the user-specific features are evaluated and compared to determine a new position of each document. A set of contextual search results is then generated based on the new positions.

Abstract: An electrical current measurement system. A sense impedance and a composite amplifier are in electrical communication and together define a trans-impedance circuit that presents a frequency-compensated impedance lower than the sense impedance to an input electrical current to be measured. A sense amplifier in electrical communication with the sense impedance provides an output indicative of a magnitude of the input electrical current. A current bypass circuit may parallel the trans-impedance circuit and bypass the input electrical current around the trans-impedance circuit when the current reaches a predefined magnitude. The system may be combined with another current sensor to form a dual-range current measurement instrument.

Abstract: An electrical current measurement system. A first low-range current gauge receives a current to be measured and provides a first intermediate value indicative of the amplitude of the current up to a first maximum current. A second low-range current gauge receives any portion of the current having a magnitude that exceeds the first maximum current and provides a second preliminary value indicative of the amplitude of the portion of the current having a magnitude that exceeds the first maximum current up to a second maximum current. An arithmetic unit or a digital processor receives the first intermediate value and the second preliminary value and provides a second intermediate value indicative of the amplitude of the current. A full-range current gauge may also be provided. A selector or the digital processor selects one of the values for display or other output.

Abstract: An electrical current measurement system. A first low-range current gauge receives a current to be measured and provides a first intermediate value indicative of the amplitude of the current up to a first maximum current. A second low-range current gauge receives any portion of the current having a magnitude that exceeds the first maximum current and provides a second preliminary value indicative of the amplitude of the portion of the current having a magnitude that exceeds the first maximum current up to a second maximum current. An arithmetic unit or a digital processor receives the first intermediate value and the second preliminary value and provides a second intermediate value indicative of the amplitude of the current. A full-range current gauge may also be provided. A selector or the digital processor selects one of the values for display or other output.

Abstract: An electrical current measurement system. A sense impedance and a composite amplifier are in electrical communication and together define a trans-impedance circuit that presents a frequency-compensated impedance lower than the sense impedance to an input electrical current to be measured. A sense amplifier in electrical communication with the sense impedance provides an output indicative of a magnitude of the input electrical current. A current bypass circuit may parallel the trans-impedance circuit and bypass the input electrical current around the trans-impedance circuit when the current reaches a predefined magnitude. The system may be combined with another current sensor to form a dual-range current measurement instrument.