Abstract: A tundish and associated assembly are employed for the continuous casting of molten steel containing lead. Undissolved lead can accumulate at the bottom of the tundish, work its way through the refractory material lining the tundish interior bottom and weep through the metal tundish shell bottom into a casting mold located below the tundish, which is undesirable. Expedients are provided to minimize such lead weeping.

Abstract: Molten steel containing an undissolved alloying ingredient denser than molten steel (e.g. Pb and/or Bi) flows from a tundish to a continuous casting mold. Various expedients are employed to prevent large globules of undissolved alloying ingredient from flowing out of the tundish into the mold. Another expedient prevents large quantities of undissolved alloying ingredient from accumulating on the bottom of the tundish.

Abstract: A tundish and associated assembly are employed for the continuous casting of molten steel containing lead. Undissolved lead can accumulate at the bottom of the tundish, work its way through the refractory material lining the tundish interior bottom and weep through the metal tundish shell bottom into a casting mold located below the tundish, which is undesirable. Expedients are provided to minimize such lead weeping.

Abstract: Molten steel containing an undissolved alloying ingredient denser than molten steel (e.g. Pb and/or Bi) flows from a tundish to a continuous casting mold. Various expedients are employed to prevent large globules of undissolved alloying ingredient from flowing out of the tundish into the mold. Another expedient prevents large quantities of undissolved alloying ingredient from accumulating on the bottom of the tundish.

Abstract: A vertical conduit extends from the bottom of a ladle containing molten metal and terminates at a lower end above a tundish for receiving the molten metal. A vertical shroud encloses the vertical conduit from a location above the conduits's lower end, and the shroud extends into the tundish. A nozzle extends into the interior of the shroud for feeding alloying ingredient, as shot, into a stream of the molten metal, within the shroud. Structure is provided for circulating a cooling fluid through the nozzle. The nozzle is connected to flexible feed lines for transporting shot and cooling fluid to the nozzle. Additional structure is provided for preventing the flexible feed lines from bending, twisting, kinking or the like when the nozzle, shroud and vertical conduit are rotated about a vertical axis spaced from the center line of the vertical conduit.

Abstract: An alloying ingredient is added to molten steel entering the tundish in a continuous casting process. The concentration of the alloying ingredient is maintained substantially uniform throughout the cast by exercising certain controls. Small scale, short term variations in the mass flow rates of the alloying ingredient and molten steel and in the recovery of the alloying ingredient are attenuated by employing a system having certain characteristics.

Abstract: An elongated, vertical conduit has an upper end, communicating with the bottom opening in an upper container or ladle, and an open lower end disposed above the top surface of a bath of molten metal in a lower container or tundish. A descending stream of molten metal is directed from the conduit into the bath. A shroud encloses the conduit and the descending stream. The pressure within the shroud is lower than the outside pressure and is regulated. A mixture of transport gas and solid, particulate alloying ingredient prone to excessive fuming is injected into the descending stream within the shroud.

Abstract: An elongated, vertical conduit has an upper end, communicating with the bottom opening in an upper container or ladle, and an open lower end disposed above the top surface of a bath of molten metal in a lower container or tundish. A descending stream of molten metal is directed from the conduit into the bath. A shroud encloses the conduit and the descending stream. The pressure within the shroud is lower than the outside pressure and is regulated. A mixture of transport gas and solid, particulate alloying ingredient prone to excessive fuming is injected into the descending stream within the shroud.