Abstract: A binocular pupillometer apparatus is provided with processing means to calculate the relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in a subject. The RAPD is calculated as the shift required to bring the two pupillary responses of the left and right eyes into coincidence. Where the responses are not parallel, modified pupillary responses are determined having the same area difference between the responses and an average rate of change with respect to stimulation intensity. The RAPD is calculated from the modified pupillary responses rather than the observed responses. Improvements to the pupillometer include a divider positioned between the left and right stimulating channels.

Abstract: A binocular pupillometer apparatus is provided with processing means to calculate the relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in a subject. The RAPD is calculated as the shift required to bring the two pupillary responses of the left and right eyes into coincidence. Where the responses are not parallel, modified pupillary responses are determined having the same area difference between the responses and an average rate of change with respect to stimulation intensity. The RAPD is calculated from the modified pupillary responses rather than the observed responses. Improvements to the pupillometer include a divider positioned between the left and right stimulating channels.

Abstract: Pupillometric apparatus for assessing pupillary near reflex in a subject incorporates a visible fixation point which is moveable between near and far positions and which is viewable through an eyepiece via an accomodation lens positioned between the eyepiece and the near position. The focal length of the accomodation lens exceeds the distance of the lens from both the near and far positions of the fixation point, so that the subject always observes virtual images in respect of the fixation point. In this way the distance between observed virtual positions of the fixation point at its near and far positions exceeds the actual distance between these positions. Binocular pupillometric apparatus in which images of the left and right pupils of a subject are rapidly and alternately transmitted to the same part of a single image sensor and signal data so obtained are processed to generate separated image data representative of the dimensions of the left and right pupils is also disclosed.

Abstract: Pupillometric apparatus for assessing pupillary near reflex in a subject incorporates a visible fixation point which is moveable between near and far positions and which is viewable through an eyepiece via an accomodation lens positioned between the eyepiece and the near position. The focal length of the accomodation lens exceeds the distance of the lens from both the near and far positions of the fixation point, so that the subject always observes virtual images in respect of the fixation point. In this way the distance between observed virtual positions of the fixation point at its near and far positions exceeds the actual distance between these positions. Binocular pupillometric apparatus in which images of the left and right pupils of a subject are rapidly and alternately transmitted to the same part of a single image sensor and signal data so obtained are processed to generate separated image data representative of the dimensions of the left and right pupils is also disclosed.

Abstract: A nuclear imaging radiation system including a gamma camera which, in one embodiment, includes a scintillation crystal, a collimator and an array of photomultiplier tubes, is described. The collimator is positioned adjacent a face of the crystal, and defines a field of view. The array of photomultiplier tubes is positioned adjacent an opposite face of the crystal, and selected tubes outside the field of view are disabled so that light events outside of the field of view are not processed.

Abstract: A reduced field of view collimator for a nuclear imaging gamma camera is described. In one form, the collimator includes a gamma ray attenuating plate, several core plates, and a ramp member. The gamma ray attenuating plate is sized to substantially cover a scintillation crystal face, and includes an opening. The core plates extend from the attenuating plate at a periphery of the plate opening and define an outer periphery of a collimator core. The ramp member includes a ramp having a sloped surface, and is formed of gamma ray attenuating material. The ramp member is secured adjacent to at least one of the core plates so that the sloped surface extends substantially angularly with respect to the attenuating plate and the core plate.

Abstract: A binocular apparatus for determining pupil dimensions for the eyes of a subject which include an optical imaging apparatus permitting images defining each pupil to be simultaneously transmitted along separate optical paths to a common optical sensing device. The binocular apparatus is useful in measuring anisocoria and in detecting drug abuse and/or opiate addiction. A method for determining pupil dimensions for the eyes is also presented.